http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/13917 2026-04-28T11:49:22Z http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/166700 Crisis: an educational game to reduce mortality and morbidity Laisser, Rose M; Chimwaza, Angela F; Grace M, Omoni; McGowan, Linda; Maclean, Gaynor; Wakasiaka, Sabina; Lavender, Tina Background: Maternal mortality and morbidity rates remain high in sub-Saharan Africa, yet with appropriate management, these rates could be reduced significantly. Midwifery training to improve the management of women during intrapartum period is often lacking, calling for innovative training methods in midwifery clinical care. Aims: To develop and evaluate a game, aimed at the prevention and management of the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Methods: In collaboration with the Lugina Africa Midwives Research Network (LAMRN), the authors developed an educational board game and field tested the final version in Kenya, Tanzania and Malawi with midwives (n=56) and student midwives (n=32). Findings: Qualitative and quantitative evaluation demonstrated that the game was well liked for its ease of use, acceptable appearance and relevance to practice. Conclusions: The board game, named ‘Crisis’, has potential to influence practice; however, further research is required to assess its ability to improve outcomes. 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/164218 Adolescent experiences, perceptions, and preferences for the process of HIV status disclosure in Kenya Mugo, Cyrus; Njuguna, Irene N; Beima-Sofie, Kristin; Mburu, Caren W; Onyango, Alvin; Itindi, Janet; Richardson, Barbra A; Oyiengo, Laura; John-Stewart, Grace; Wamalwa, Dalton C Introduction: Disclosure of HIV status to adolescents living with HIV has been associated with improved treatment outcomes. However, there are limited data regarding the experiences of, perceptions of, and preferences for the process of disclosure of HIV status among adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYLH), especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Young adults living with HIV from 20 HIV clinics in Kenya who participated in a clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of a disclosure and transition package completed an anonymous survey in 2019. We described their experiences and preferences using counts and proportions and assessed factors associated with satisfaction with the disclosure process using linear regression, reporting age-adjusted mean differences (aMD), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results: Of the 375 enrolled AYLH, 265 (71%) had perinatally acquired HIV, of whom 162 (61%) were female. The median age of the enrolled AYLH was 16 years (IQR: 14-19 years), and all of them were on antiretroviral therapy (ART). For over half (55%) of the participants, caregivers disclosed their HIV status, and 57% preferred that their caregivers disclose the status to them. Most (78%) of the participants preferred full disclosure by 12 years of age. The majority (69%) believed the disclosure was planned, and 11% suspected being HIV positive before the disclosure. Overall, 198 (75%) AYLH reported that they were ready for disclosure when it happened, and 86% were satisfied with the process. During both pre-disclosure (67 and 70%, respectively) and post-disclosure (>75% for each), AYLH felt supported by the clinic and caregivers. Factors associated with higher satisfaction with the disclosure process were pre-disclosure clinic support (aMD: 0.19 [95%CI: 0.05-0.33]) and pre-disclosure (aMD: 0.19 [0.06-0.31]) and post-disclosure (aMD: 0.17 [0.03-0.31]) caregiver support. AYLH who suspected they were HIV positive before they were disclosed to tended to have lower satisfaction when compared to those who never suspected (aMD: -0.37 [-0.74-(-0.01)]). Overall, they reported that disclosure positively influenced their ART adherence (78%), clinic attendance (45%), and communication with caregivers (20%), and 40% reported being happier after disclosure. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/163988 Efficacy of Bentonite and Fumonisin Esterase in Mitigating the Effects of Aflatoxins and Fumonisins in Two Kenyan Cattle Breeds Kemboi, David; Antonissen, Gunther; Ochieng, Phillis; Croubels, Siska; De Baere, Siegrid; Scippo, Marie-Louise; Okoth, Sheila; Kangethe, Erastus; Faas, Johannes; Doupovec, Barbara; Lindahl, Johanna; Gathumbi, James The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of bentonite and fumonisin esterase, separately or combined, in mitigating the effects of aflatoxins (AF) and fumonisins (FUM) in Boran and Friesian-Boran crossbreed cattle. These effects were studied by measuring mycotoxins, their metabolites, and biomarkers that relate to animal health, productivity, and food safety. The study was divided into three experiments each lasting for 2 weeks. Cows in experiment 1 received in random order aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) [788 μg/cow/day (69.7 μg/kg dry matter intake (DMI)) for Borans and 2,310 μg/cow/day (154 μg/kg DMI) for crossbreeds], bentonite (60 g/cow/day), or both AFB1 and bentonite. Boran cows in experiment 2 received in random order FUM (12.4 mg/cow/day (1.1 mg/kg DMI)), fumonisin esterase (120 U/cow/day), or both FUM and fumonisin esterase. Boran cows in experiment 3 received in random order AFB1 (952 μg/cow/day (84.2 μg/kg DMI)) + FUM (30.4 mg/cow/day (2.7 mg/kg DMI)), bentonite (60 g/cow/day) + fumonisin esterase (120 U/cow/day), or both AFB1 + FUM and bentonite + fumonisin esterase. Feeding AFB1 and/or FUM contaminated feed with or without the addition of the detoxifiers for 14 days did not affect DMI, milk composition, hematology, and blood biochemical parameters. The addition of bentonite in a diet contaminated with AFB1 led to a decrease in milk aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) concentration of 30% and 43%, with the carry-over subsequently decreasing from 0.35% to 0.20% and 0.08% to 0.06% for crosses and Borans, respectively. No significant change was observed in the sphinganine/sphingosine (Sa/So) ratio following feeding with FUM alone or in combination with fumonisin esterase; however, the ability of fumonisin esterase to hydrolyze FUM into less toxic fully hydrolyzed FUM and partially hydrolyzed FUM was evident in the rumen fluid and feces. These results indicate bentonite was effective in decreasing AFM1 concentration in milk, and AFB1 and AFM1 in plasma, while fumonisin esterase can convert FUM into less toxic metabolites and can be a suitable addition to feed cocontaminated with AFB1 and FUM. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/163746 Guidelines and Editorial Policy. Maina, S. M Africa Design Review Journal is an Online & Print Quarterly issue. The aim of the journal is to encourage scholarship in the area of design. It emphasizes the production of knowledge and exchange of ideas. Invitation of Articles: The Editor invites original and scholarly articles in but not limited to the folowing areas: 2-D and 3-D Design and Graphic Communication and Materials; Product Design, Industrial Design, Interior Design, Art and Architecture of Africa: Illustration, Fine art, Visual Communication, Landscape Architecture;Ecology, Culture,; Computer Applications in Visualisation Design, Design Practice, Design Sustainability, Fashion and related fields. Acceptance of Articles: Once an article has been submitted for publication, the author shall not submit it elsewhere. Caution: It should be noted that the opinion expressed in any article, book review or commentary appearing in any issue of the journal does not reflect the opinion of the Editorial Committee. Content of the Manuscript: The manuscript must apply systematic procedures to discover answers to research questions. Authors must conduct and present empirical investigations results on any subject written on. The paper must strictly follow the structure below for it to be considered for publication; Title, Name of the Author, Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review/Theory, Research Methods, Results, Discussion of Findings, Conclusion/Recommendations, References, Appendices. Submission of the Manuscript Electronic Figures: You should supply the electronic versions of your black and white figures/Illustrations. We prefer figures in TIFF,EPS, PS, PDF and Microsoft Office format. For vector graphics, EPS is the preferred format. For bitmapped graphics, TIFF is the preferred format. The following resolutions are optimal: line figures 600- 1200 dpi; photographs - 300 dpi. Because of high cost of colour printing, colour figures are discouraged and if they have to appear in your manuscripts then you will meet their printing costs. (The figure legends should be included in the text file). Use standard fonts such as Times Roman, Courier, Arial and Tahoma. Figures should be saved in separate files. 2023-06-27T00:00:00Z