http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/14346 2026-05-18T20:51:06Z http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/166940 Identity Crisis and Nationalism in Sudan: the Case Study of South Sudan National Movement for Statehood 1983-2005 Marco, Lueth M. K This study explores the origin of Identity Crisis and Nationalism in Sudan, 1983-2005. The study was based on three objectives: Investigate the Anglo-Egyptian policy of separate administration for the Northern and Southern Sudan and the emergence of identity crisis in Sudan. Examine the conflict of identities between Islamic and Christian/African cultures in Sudan and assessed the impact of conflict of identity crisis between Northern and the Southern Sudan. Secondary and primary data were primarily important to carry out study. The secondary sources focused on evaluating the scholarly books, journal articles, reports by private and public institutions whereas the primary sources included newspapers, letters, minutes, and speeches. The study found out that pre-colonial and postcolonial governments in Sudan who immediately took over power from Anglo-Egyptian regime from 1955-1983 had really worked to undermine the spirit of oneness and nation building from the onset of independence of Sudan, which came into effect in 1956.The British policy of Closed Districts Ordinance which was initially meant to protect the identity of the peoples of Southern Sudan from being subjected to Islamisation and Arabisation policy employed by the Northern Sudan was deemed to have created bitter hatred between the North and South. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/166400 Gender Dynamics and Sustainability of Smallholder Agricultural Projects in Homabay County Omamo, Anne A 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/162317 Participatory Approaches and Performance of Community Water Projects- a Case of World Bank Funded Programme Water Projects in Garissa County, Kenya Ahmed, Gedi D The purpose of this study was to establish participatory approaches and performance of community water projects in Kenya, the case of Garissa County World Bank Funded Programme Water Projects. Specific objectives included to: determine how project initiation influence performance of community water projects, establish the extent to which project planning influence performance of community water projects, determine influence of project execution on performance of community water projects and examine how project monitoring and evaluation influence performance of community water projects in Garissa County, Kenya. The theories that anchored the study were Stakeholders' Theory and Participatory Theory. The thesis adopted a descriptive research design. Mixed methods were adopted for this study. Study population was project supervisors, contractors, chiefs, ward administrators, water engineers, quantity surveyors, architects and project managers, totalling to 238 stakeholders. The study had a sample size of 153 respondents derived by use of Yamane’s formula. Questionnaires and key interview guide were employed gather data. data was analyzed using descriptive statistics like percentage, means and standard deviation. Inferential statistics including correlation and regression were used to test the relationship between the variables. Tables were used to present the data. The study found out that stakeholder participation in project initiation influences project performance positively. When stakeholders are involved in needs analysis, proposing solutions and project identification it would increase project acceptability. Involvement of project beneficiaries through initiation of a project is a major factor to be considered in project implementation. Stakeholder’s participation in project planning was a paramount factor for smooth project implementation. On involving stakeholders during planning the study found out that it would affect performance negatively. The summary of findings portrayed that lack of good stakeholder participation in project planning lead to poor project implementation. The findings showed that stakeholder’s inadequate participation in project activities led to poor project implementation and end result was not met as expected. The study established that there was strong correlation of stakeholder’s participatory in project monitoring and evaluation on project implementation. The study realized that most projects do not receive feedback from the stakeholders regarding the quality. The study found out that stakeholders participatory in project monitoring and evaluation influenced project performance. It would lead to empowerment and increase accountability. The researcher concluded that participatory approaches in the four phases of the project cycle influences project performance. The study recommended that training beneficiaries on planning skills would help as the major reason for that scenario is that beneficiaries lack skills and planning is a technical phase compared with the other three. Advanced inquiry about project life cycle and quality of projects out to be carried out. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/162178 Meanings of Gendered Lexical Contrasts in Kenyan English Usage Achieng, Everline O This study sought to investigate the extent of use of the nuances of eight gendered lexical contrast pairs in English usage in Kenya. The pairs in question are: aunt vs. aunt, lady vs. gentleman, bachelor vs. spinster, boy vs. girl, father vs. mother, brother vs. sister, son vs. daughter and mister (Mr) vs. missus (Mrs). Using the mixed method, the study addressed the twin questions of whether age and gender were a factor in the choice of meanings of the gendered lexical pairs under study. Answers to these questions came from 80 respondents’ views on questionnaire items that asked them to indicate a yes, no or not sure against every proposed meaning of each pair; they also came from an analysis of authentic uses of the different pairs in newspapers, magazines, radio, television and face-to-face conversations between people. The results were presented on tables and analysed through percentages. The study did indeed find the gendered contrast pairs in question have been given, in English usage in Kenya, meaning that vary with age and gender. For example, in the pair gentleman -lady, while people across all age brackets used gentleman and lady for ‘a well-dressed male or female’ respectively, its use as ‘a wealthy male or female’ respectively, varied in people of various age groups. These meanings also varied with regards to whether the user was male or female. These results call for further research on this topic introducing other social variables like religion, level of education, and social 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z