http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/43045 Tue, 28 Apr 2026 12:50:07 GMT 2026-04-28T12:50:07Z http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/167557 Diseases of Economic Importance in Feedlot Cattle in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review with a Focus on Existing and Potential Options for Control Mwacalimba, kennedy; Kimeli, Peter; Tiernan, Raymond; Barbara, Poulsen N A large number of livestock are found in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), including 20-25% of the world's ruminants.................................................. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/167557 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/166711 An Evaluation of a Community Dementia Screening Program in Rural Kenya: Dem-sky Ndetei, David M; Farina, Nicolas; Onuonga, Kevin Introduction: This study describes the implementation outcomes and evaluation of DEM-SKY, a community-based dementia screening program developed in rural Kenya with the support of community health care workers (CHWs). Methods: DEM-SKY was delivered to 3546 older adults in Makueni County, Kenya, over a 6-month period. Using a mixed-methods design, we explored implementation outcomes with stakeholders through surveys and interviews. Results: The program demonstrated good acceptability, adoption, and fidelity and was effective in instigating behavior change. Individuals who screened positive for dementia were 28.7 times more likely to intend to speak to a doctor. Qualitative data showed that participants valued the program but indicated scope for improvement, particularly further down the diagnostic pathway. Discussion: DEM-SKY was successful across several implementation metrics. Although the program demonstrates that community-based screening can be conducted effectively with minimal resources, future research needs to explore the long-term benefits of dementia screening in Kenya. Highlights: Community-based dementia screening is feasible in rural Africa. Involving community health workers strengthens trust in health care systems. Empowering community health workers enhances the community capacity to address dementia Screening promotes proactive health seeking among older adults.; Introduction: This study describes the implementation outcomes and evaluation of DEM-SKY, a community-based dementia screening program developed in rural Kenya with the support of community health care workers (CHWs). Methods: DEM-SKY was delivered to 3546 older adults in Makueni County, Kenya, over a 6-month period. Using a mixed-methods design, we explored implementation outcomes with stakeholders through surveys and interviews. Results: The program demonstrated good acceptability, adoption, and fidelity and was effective in instigating behavior change. Individuals who screened positive for dementia were 28.7 times more likely to intend to speak to a doctor. Qualitative data showed that participants valued the program but indicated scope for improvement, particularly further down the diagnostic pathway. Discussion: DEM-SKY was successful across several implementation metrics. Although the program demonstrates that community-based screening can be conducted effectively with minimal resources, future research needs to explore the long-term benefits of dementia screening in Kenya. Highlights: Community-based dementia screening is feasible in rural Africa. Involving community health workers strengthens trust in health care systems. Empowering community health workers enhances the community capacity to address dementia Screening promotes proactive health seeking among older adults. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/166711 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/164391 Understanding and managing a case of the omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defect complex Nurani, Khulud M; Abdalla, Waleed; Ayub, Khalid M The omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects (OEIS) complex is a rare birth disorder involving a combination of gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, renal, neural, and genitourinary system defects. We present a case report of a neonate with OEIS born by vertex spontaneous delivery to non-consanguineous parents. The major presenting defect was exstrophy of the cecum lying between two exstrophied halves of the bladder, an imperforate anus and spina bifida myelomeningocele. Explorative laparotomy revealed a duplex kidney system, attachment of the terminal ileum and cecum to the exstrophy, and a sausage-like atretic large bowel. Malrotation was also noted. Ladd's bands were released followed by ileostomy and ureterostomy. Patient was stable post-operatively and in the incubator on room air. OEIS remains a challenging anomaly that requires optimal treatment to facilitate the quality of life. With appropriate surgical intervention, the functional and social treatment goals for this unusual congenital defect can be met. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/164391 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/163778 Mycelial Nutrient Transfer Promotes Bacterial Co-metabolic Organochlorine Pesticide Degradation in Nutrient-deprived Environments Khan, Nelson; Muge, Edward; Mulaa, Francis J; Wamalwa, Benson; Bergen, Martin v; Jehmlich, Nico; Wick, Lukas Y Biotransformation of soil organochlorine pesticides (OCP) is often impeded by a lack of nutrients relevant for bacterial growth and/or co-metabolic OCP biotransformation. By providing space-filling mycelia, fungi promote contaminant biodegradation by facilitating bacterial dispersal and the mobilization and release of nutrients in the mycosphere. We here tested whether mycelial nutrient transfer from nutrient-rich to nutrient-deprived areas facilitates bacterial OCP degradation in a nutrient-deficient habitat. The legacy pesticide hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a non-HCH-degrading fungus (Fusarium equiseti K3), and a co-metabolically HCH-degrading bacterium (Sphingobium sp. S8) isolated from the same HCH-contaminated soil were used in spatially structured model ecosystems. Using 13C-labeled fungal biomass and protein-based stable isotope probing (protein-SIP), we traced the incorporation of 13C fungal metabolites into bacterial proteins while simultaneously determining the biotransformation of the HCH isomers. The relative isotope abundance (RIA, 7.1-14.2%), labeling ratio (LR, 0.13-0.35), and the shape of isotopic mass distribution profiles of bacterial peptides indicated the transfer of 13C-labeled fungal metabolites into bacterial proteins. Distinct 13C incorporation into the haloalkane dehalogenase (linB) and 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol dehydrogenase (LinC), as key enzymes in metabolic HCH degradation, underpin the role of mycelial nutrient transport and fungal-bacterial interactions for co-metabolic bacterial HCH degradation in heterogeneous habitats. Nutrient uptake from mycelia increased HCH removal by twofold as compared to bacterial monocultures. Fungal-bacterial interactions hence may play an important role in the co-metabolic biotransformation of OCP or recalcitrant micropollutants (MPs). Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/163778 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z