The antimalarial and antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of clematis brachiata extracts

Abstract

The in vitro antimalarial activity of the root extract in partly supports the ethnobotanical use of the plant to manage malaria. Clematis brachiata Thunberg (Ranunculaceae) is used in Kenya for the management of headaches, malaria and other febrile illnesses, abdominal disorders, yaws and for skin disorders. Old stems and leaves are chewed for the management of toothaches and sore throats. Extracts of the plant were subjected to tests for antimalarial, antibacterial and antifungal activity. The toxicity of the extracts was assessed using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The root extract gave the highest in vitro antimalarial activity against the mulitidrug resistant strain, Plasmodium falciparum VIIS (lCso=39.24 IJ.g/ml). The stem and leaf extracts had insignificant antiplasmodial activity. The leaf, stem and root extracts had no bacterial or fungal inhibitory effects even at very high concentrations of 10 mglml. The LDso values of the stem and leaf methanol extracts against the brine shrimp larvae was 365.60 and 66.5 IJ.g/ml, respectively.