Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Methanolic Extract for a Diabetic Supplement Developed from Drumsticks Leaves (Moringa Oleifera), Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Verum) Powders

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a progressive and chronic metabolic disorder which is defined by high blood sugar levels. The disease is a result of insufficient insulin hormone secretion or its action. One of the methods to control blood glucose level is to inhibit the action of alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes in order to slow down or decrease hydrolyze of carbohydrates and therefore management of hyperglycemia in diabetes type II patients. This will help to avoid long and short term consequences of the disease. Plants containing great amounts of phenolic compounds are natural, accessible and cheap sources of α-glucosidase and -amylase inhibitors. At the same time, the present food supplements made up of natural ingredients has potential to possess antioxidant activity as well. The present research evaluated the antidiabetic effects and antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of the supplement powders developed from three food ingredients including Drumsticks Leaves (Moringa Oleifera), Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Verum) with different percentages to determine the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of the supplement to manage blood glucose levels of type II diabetes. The inhibition activity of alpha amylase enzyme is ranged between 97 to 99% for the food ingredients and 95 to 99% for the supplements. The value of inhibition percentage for drumstick leaves is 98.36%  0.09. Values observed for cinnamon and garlic were 99.2% ± 0.27 and 97.52% ± 2.05 respectively. The inhibition activity of the supplement no. 3 containing 70% dried drumstick leaves powder + 15% cinnamon powder and 15% garlic powder shows the highest inhibiting activity of 99.2%. The α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity for drumstick leaves is 33.64%, cinnamon 26.73% and garlic 22.64% while the supplements activity are ranged between 15.55 to 28.69%. Supplement no. 3 has the highest inhibition activity of 28.69%. DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanolic extracts was performed in 3 different concentrations of 10, 20 and 30μg of each sample extract. In this research, the activity of drumstick leaves in 10μg/ml show 74.65%, 79.67% in 20μg/ml and 76.17% in 30μg/ml. The obtained values for cinnamon are 85.98% in 10μg/ml, 90.33% in 20μg/ml and 89.81% in 30μg/ml while the radical scavenging activity of garlic is 72.57% in 10μg/ml, 67.92% in 20μg/ml and 63.84% in 30μg/ml. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the supplements are ranged from 66.96 to 71.90% in 10μg/ml, 65.62 to 80.04% in 20μg/ml and 73.16 to 80.96% in 30μg/ml as shown in Table 4. Supplement no. 2, containing 80% dried drumstick leaves powder, 10% cinnamon powder and 10% garlic powder in 30μg/ml concentration shows the highest radical scavenging activity, 81%, in comparison with other supplements in different concentrations. The research proved that the formulated supplements have high antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the products can be consumed by type II diabetic patients as a safe, low calorie, natural and low-price supplement to manage blood glucose levels and prevent the long and short time consequences of the unmanaged disease and accordingly retard and decrease complications during lifetime.