Computer Simulation of Orthokinetic Flocculation in a Filterbed

Abstract

The rational for application of direct filtration in water treatment with omission of the conventional coagulation processes has been a subject of discussion since the inception of direct filters. Among the questions asked is whether the filterbed facilitates sufficient flocculation of the raw water necessary for adequate water treatment. This paper studies, through a computer simulation process, the orthokinetic flocculation that is likely to occur in a filterbed. The results of the study clearly indicate that mathematical modelling based upon well-established theoretical interpretations and experimental data, predicts that under typical filter conditions, orthokinetic flocculation of particles in the filterbed is significant. This result should form a firm basis for design and promotion of direct filtration, which would save costs in drinking water treatment