Age assessment services in public dental health facilities in Kenya: burden and sources of referral (a cross-sectional study)

Abstract

Introduction: the need for age assessment remains relevant due to unregistered births or lack of identification documents as a result of political and socioeconomic conflicts. Dentists play a significant role in age assessment. In order to establish the need for capacity building and collaboration, the study set out to determine the proportion of dental patients referred for age assessment and their sources of referral.

Methods: a cross-sectional study, based on 5-year records (2014-2018) of dental patients and a selected sample of 316 patients who visited for age assessment in 2019-2020 in the same hospitals. The study centers were 8 county hospitals. Variables included gender, dental visits, health facility, and sources of referral. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Fisher´s Exact test were used to identify a significant association between variables.

Results: from the records, 12,738 (5.7%) patients sought age assessment services. Females 6,410 (50.3%) and males 6,328 (49.7%) were nearly equal. There was a statistically significant difference in the average number of patients who required age assessment services from different facilities, p=0.000. The selected sample comprised of 186 (58.9%) and 130 (41.1%) males and females respectively. Sources of referral included; court of law (267, 84.5%), prior to acquiring identification documents (47, 14.9%), and others (2, 0.6%).

Conclusion: an average of 5% of dental patients seek age assessment services signifying the need for sustained capacity building so as to ensure competent service delivery. The majority of the sampled patients were referrals from the court of law. Further research on how the dental fraternity can collaborate with the Judiciary to ensure justice in age disputes is recommended.