Factors Associated With an Increase in Caesarean Section Births in Kenya: Evidence From 2014 Kenya Demographic Health Surveys

Abstract

This study set out to examine factors associated with the increase in caesarean sections in Kenya. Using data from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS-2014), However in order to show trends in C-Section, data from KDHS 2003-2014 was used while only data from KDH 2014 was used to show factors that influence C-section deliveries. The study identified variables linked to the rise using logistic model-based univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. According to bivariate results, factors such as mother's age at birth, her marital status, her parity, her level of education, her place of residence, her household's wealth profile, the number of antenatal visits she had and the location of her delivery were associated with C-section deliveries. Multivariate analysis showed that as a mother becomes older, the risk of having a C-section rises. When compared to younger mothers, mothers aged 45 to 49 years had a greater likelihood of having a C-section (OR= 5.494). These results support earlier research that showed that socioeconomic and demographic factors led to avoidance of cesarean deliveries. As such there is a need for healthcare professionals to re-educate healthcare providers on available guidelines, conduct continuous C-section audit, and provide feedback on unnecessary C-sections. There is also need to educate women on the best delivery options, follow ethical clinical practice, and prevent unnecessary C-sections. Therefore, this study suggests future research to identify the precise causes of the rise in C-sections in Eastern region, socio-economic factors influencing C-section deliveries, and perspectives and cultural norms of women and healthcare professionals.