Impacts of Ecotourism on Local Development in Isiolo County

Abstract

The tourism industry has seen rapid growth in ecotourism, which has become increasingly popular in developing countries and economically disadvantaged areas across the globe. Ecotourism plays a significant role in the Gross Domestic Product of many nations, providing a source of income for many individuals, however, studies have not been done to quantify the contribution of ecotourism on development of the host local communities. This study identified and mapped the different types of ecotourism facilities and their spatial location in Isiolo County. It also identified and mapped tourism sites and areas with high tourist attractions, established the benefits of ecotourism to the local communities in the County and has proposed interventions that can address development of ecotourism in Isiolo County. A descriptive research design was used. The target population included all persons over 18 years and engaged in any form of tourism in the county. Tourism providers were categorized into six strata that included community conservancies, private-community joint venture with high visitors’ volume and high end prices, game reserves and major hotels/lodges, tour operators and organizations impacting on conservancies from outside the study area. A total of 60 members of the community, 30 facility employees, and four key informants were interviewed. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics. The different types of ecotourism facilities and sites in Isiolo County included the six categories indicated above. The key benefits reported were employment (34%), education (33%), water supply (36%) and infrastructure that included road, health centres and communication services. Revenue from the sales of tickets goes to the State Government; no share is given to the community. All forms of tourism no matter how environmentally sensitive it is, is associated with some negativity. The extent varies. Enhancement of community development through initiatives such as the construction of recreational facilities and the improvement of road networks can increase tourist visits, and consequently, promote economic and social well-being for local residents. Management policies could also include revenue sharing policies to ensure that economic benefits are equitably distributed among the stakeholders. The study recommends further research on how to sensitize communities to participate more in eco-tourism as a source of livelihood and income.