Socioeconomic Inequality in Child Mortality in Somalia

Abstract

Background: Reducing child mortality remains a critical public health priority in Somalia. Despite efforts to improve maternal and child health, disparities persist, driven by socioeconomic inequalities. This study examines the extent of socioeconomic inequality in child mortality in Somalia and identifies key contributing factors. Methods: The study utilizes data from the Somalia Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS) 2020, covering 16,360 households and 16,486 women aged 15–49 years estimated and children between the age of 0-5 years. Socioeconomic inequality in child mortality is assessed using concentration curves and a concentration index, analysing the distribution of child survival across wealth quintiles, maternal education levels, and healthcare access. Results: The findings reveal no significant socioeconomic inequality in child survival, as the concentration curve lies along the line of equality. The concentration index (CI = 0.0068, p = 0.8371) confirms that child survival is evenly distributed between the poor and the rich. However, individual factors such as maternal education, antenatal care utilization, and place of residence play a crucial role in child health outcomes. Conflict-related displacement and healthcare system fragility further exacerbate child mortality risks. Conclusions: While aggregate measures indicate no wealth-related inequality in child mortality, disparities persist in access to maternal and child healthcare services. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure, expanding maternal education, and addressing barriers to healthcare access in conflict-affected regions are essential to improving child survival rates in Somalia.