Evaluating the Role of Governance in Beekeeping in Taita Taveta County, Kenya

Abstract

Traditional models of natural resource governance have evolved in today's complex environment, involving a multitude of actors in addressing societal issues, emphasizing the need for effective and normatively grounded governance arrangements. Beekeeping in Taita Taveta County offers the potential to enhance livelihoods and environmental conservation. However, it faces challenges due to governance issues, including policy incoherence and environmental threats. This study investigated current beekeeping governance arrangements and practices and their effect on socio-economic and environmental aspects at the community level. A cross-sectional survey with 223 beekeeping households, 8 Key Informant Interviews, and 3 Focus Group Discussions was conducted. The study findings indicate a diverse range of actors engaged in the bee value chain, including government officials, NGOs, academia, private businesses, and individuals. However, collaboration among these actors is limited, with most operating independently across ecological zones. Notably, NGOs play a prominent role of supporting beekeeping activities through training and hive issuance accounting for 50%, particularly in highland regions like Wundanyi Mbale and Werugha. The study also identified a widespread absence of formal rules (86.5%) governing beekeeping activities across all ecological zones, along with disparities in group membership, with higher rates reported in highland areas compared to lowland areas. Governance arrangements and practices significantly influenced beekeepers’ income (p value < 0.048), access to training (p-value < 0.017), market access (p-value of .049), and social cohesion (p-value < 0.010). Local community groups and beekeeping associations were key organizers of environmental restoration activities, while beekeepers actively participated in activities such as tree planting. The study recommends enhanced collaboration among bee value chain actors for knowledge sharing, market access and enhanced social cohesion. Standardized beekeeping rules are essential to guide practices, promote environmental conservation, and ensure equitable beekeeper benefits. County government needs to take lead in establishing clear roles and inclusive governance practices for beekeeping value chain actors. Future research can explore long-term impact of governance arrangements on beekeeping potential and environmental conservation