Revitalization of rural livelihoods through land use planning in arid and semi-arid lands: a case of Ewuaso Oo’nkidongi Ward, Kajiado County

Abstract

The sustenance of livelihoods in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) in Kenya is grappled with major challenges, that are brought about up as a result of the impacts of climate change, such as floods, droughts, and unpredictable rainfall patterns. This paper looks into into insights from an empirical investigation into institutional frameworks, resource use, and resilience strategies among households in Ewuaso Oo’nkidongi Ward, Kajiado County. Key livelihood activities in this semi-arid region are centred on agriculture, particularly livestock rearing, complemented by essential services such as healthcare and commerce. Based on data collected during the 2021–2022 second-year Rural Planning Studio, the study employed multiple methods, including interviews, focus group discussions, and 100 household questionnaires. GPS technology was utilised to map vital community assets, including water sources, schools, and health facilities. The findings point out various factors such as extreme temperatures, low rainfall, and inadequate infrastructure that have immensely constrained the livelihoods of local communities. Additional challenges include land fragmentation, climate-related vulnerabilities, and socio-cultural shifts undermining traditional pastoralism. Sparse household distribution further complicates access to critical services, underscoring the need for integrated and immediate interventions.