Print Media Framing of Ministry of Health Covid-19 Press Conferences in Kenya

Abstract

This study examines the framing of COVID-19 press conferences conducted by the Ministry of Health in Kenya, as represented in two newspapers, The Standard and Daily Nation, during a crucial period from March 1, 2020, to March 30, 2021. This study seeks to identify the types of frames utilized by the two newspapers, compare their framing strategies, and analyze the meanings conveyed through these frames. Using a content analysis methodology, the study systematically examines 60 newspaper editions, 30 from each publication, focusing on articles that specifically reported on the Ministry of Health's COVID-19 press briefings. Key variables such as story treatment, thematic emphasis, framing techniques, and the language used were meticulously analyzed to assess how these elements contribute to public discourse surrounding the pandemic. The findings revealed that both newspapers employed a diverse range of frames, including health crisis framing, policy response framing, and human interest framing. However, notable differences emerged in their emphasis on particular themes, with The Standard focusing more on human-interest narratives that highlight personal stories of resilience, while Daily Nation tended to concentrate on government responses and policy implications. The analysis also delves into the implications of these framing choices, highlighting how they shaped public perceptions and influenced the audience's understanding of the government's actions in response to the pandemic. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of media framing in constructing narratives around public health issues, emphasizing the potential of media coverage to either reinforce or challenge societal norms and beliefs during crises.The research presents several recommendations aimed at improving the quality of health reporting. These include the need for enhanced media training programs to foster critical thinking among journalists, the promotion of balanced and comprehensive coverage that accurately reflects diverse perspectives, the importance of combating misinformation through fact-checking, and the necessity of strengthening public health communication strategies that engage and inform the public effectively. This study contributes to the existing literature on media framing, public health communication, and the role of journalism during health crises, offering valuable insights for media practitioners, policymakers, and researchers alike. By understanding the dynamics of media framing, stakeholders can better navigate the challenges posed by misinformation and enhance the effectiveness of public health messaging in future crises.