A Framework for the Adoption of Low-code Development Platforms Among SMES in Kenya

Abstract

In a rapidly evolving digital landscape, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly challenged to adopt agile solutions for operational efficiency and competitiveness. Low-Code Development Platforms (LCDP) have emerged as a promising technology for SMEs, enabling businesses to automate processes and scale digital transformation without extensive coding expertise. However, despite LCDP's potential benefits, many SMEs in Kenya have been slow to adopt these platforms due to concerns surrounding task relevance, expected quality output, ICT user experience, and external control factors. This study seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by examining the impact of these factors on LCDP adoption decisions within Kenya's SME sector. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM3) and relevant literature on digital transformation, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding how perceived ease of use, usefulness, and other factors drive technology adoption within SMEs. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting SMEs that actively use social media for business, as these are more likely to engage in digital solutions. Data collection was conducted via online questionnaires, ensuring convenience for SMEs without physical locations. Both bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed using SPSS to determine the statistical significance and strength of relationships among the study variables. Findings reveal that each factor significantly influences the adoption of LCDP among SMEs. Specifically, user experience and perceptions of external control (such as regulatory support and availability of resources) have the most substantial influence, highlighting the importance of user skills and external environment in driving adoption. Task relevance and expectations for quality output also play critical roles, suggesting that SMEs prioritize functionalities aligned with daily operations and productivity improvements. The study concludes that the adoption of LCDP in SMEs is significantly influenced by task relevance, quality output, user experience, and perception of external control. The study concluded that task relevance and quality output are crucial for successful LCDP adoption. When LCDP systems are relevant to the tasks performed by SMEs and capable of delivering high-quality outputs, their adoption rates increase. Positive user experiences were found to enhance adoption rates. SMEs that provided a seamless and satisfactory user experience with LCDP systems saw higher adoption levels, underscoring the importance of user-friendly and intuitive platforms. The perception of external control, including regulatory and social influences, plays a pivotal role in adoption decisions. SMEs are more likely to adopt LCDP systems when they perceive external support and encouragement, highlighting the need for favorable external conditions to drive technology adoption. This research provides valuable insights for stakeholders, including policymakers and SME leaders, advocating for tailored LCDP strategies that align with SMEs’ operational needs and environmental factors to accelerate digital transformation.