Social economic factors influencing organic farming by smallholders:(the case of vihiga District, Kenya

Abstract

The study was motivated by the need to ascertain whether organic farming is suitable and relevant as alternative means to improved small-holder livelihood \ with a view of contributing to policy and programs targeting it. Data was collected through questionnaire and interviews in Vihiga and Sabatia Divisions of Vihiga District. The 'total sample size was 122 consisting of 62 males and 60 females. Gross margin analysis showed that mean income per acre for organic farming was KES 28464.70 against KES 13300 for conventional agriculture. Majority of adopting farmers were low-income earners with monthly income below KES 5000 and owned less than 1.5 acres of land. All the farmers practiced uncertified organic farming on subsistence level and oriented towards local markets. Multi-criteria analysis used to identify potential environmental benefits of orgarnc farming showed that organic farming could contribute to economically environmentally sound agricultural sector. Logit analysis results revealed that distance from nearest market center, farm size, free-range housing system for livestock, extension and total household income had significant effect on adoption. The study concluded that organic farming is suitable, relevant and offers alternative means to improved smallholder livelihood by increasing earnings per unit area, food security and environmental conservation. However, it is constrained by inadequate or non-existent framework of agricultural incentives, institutions and services. The study recommended environmental benefits, formation of extension associations by farmers xiv practicing orgamc fanning and information and promotional activities to stimulate demand. Contingency valuation and Willingness to pay study to value benefits and disbenefits to determine potential market and guide farmers and policy makers as to the most appropriate system to adopt should be undertaken. xv