The magnitude and nature of domestic violence Against women related to partner notification of HIV test outcome in suba district, Kenya

Abstract

Domestic violence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are problems of significant public health concern in the country and the world over. Both problems have far reaching social, economic and public health consequences, and are greatly influenced by socio-cultural factors. Studies show interconnection between HIV infection and domestic violence. However, the size, character and determinants of domestic violence due to partner disclosure of HIV serostatus in a rural setting are not known. We propose to investigate the extent, forms and correlates of domestic violence related to partner notification of HIV test results. The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence, nature and factors associated with gender based violence due to disclosure of HIV test results in Suba district, Kenya. The study was a descriptive cross sectional study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Survey questionnaires were administered to 364 randomly sampled currently married women, who had tested positive for HIV and whose partners had been notified before the study in Suba district. Two focus group discussions on man's attitudes and perceptions on domestic violence and HIV testing were conducted. The quantitative data were entered into STAT A version 9 for analysis while descriptive characteristics of the forms of domestic violence were determined. Multiple logistic regressions were used to establish the factors associated with domestic violence related to HIV test results. NVivo 8 statistical software for the analysis of qualitative data was used to analyze focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Data were collected using tape recorders. The data were transcribed and translated into English. A coding frame was developed from the emerging themes. The data were then entered into the software. The results of this study documented domestic violence as a public health problem but, also identified gaps for further research as well as made recommendations for public health policy formulation. Domestic violence (DV) is considered as normal in this community. It is perceived as an expression of love by the partner or as a way of discipline. There is need to create awareness on DV as a violation of human rights and a health problem. This will reduce social barriers to access of essential health care services.