Implementation of the Djibouti Peace Agreement: The Role of Different Actors and Stakeholders.
Abstract
Since the removal of President Siad Barre in 1991,
the situation in Somalia has deteriorated. Over th
e
last two decades, the crisis has evolved from a civ
il war characterized by clanism and ‘warlordism’ to
a
crisis that today involves transnational crimes, hu
man trafficking, piracy and extremism. In addition,
international terrorism is reported to be actively
supported by al-Qaeda through Al-Shabaab and Hizbul
Islam. The resultant state failure has created a hu
manitarian catastrophe of immense proportion
resulting in a huge number of internally displaced
persons (IDPs) and refugees in neighboring countrie
s.
The crisis in Somalia continues to threaten not onl
y the peace and stability of the Horn of Africa but
is
now assuming a more global dimension.
Several efforts, including the signing of 13 peace
agreements have been facilitated by various bodies
such as the United Nations (UN), the African Union
(AU) and the Inter-Governmental Authority on
Development (IGAD) to restore peace, law and order
in Somalia, but have failed. In 2005, the
Transitional Federal Charter
1
was adopted and the Transitional Federal Governmen
t (TFG) established,
following the conclusion of the Mbagathi round of t
alks in Kenya. The TFG was given five-year tenure
with key transitional tasks, including reaching out
to all Somali stakeholders in order to broaden the
scope of dialogue and reconciliation among all Soma
lis. In furtherance of the Transitional Federal
Charter and tasks, the Djibouti peace process evolv
ed, leading to the signing of the Djibouti Agreemen
t
between the TFG and the Alliance for the Re-Liberat
ion of Somalia (ARS) in 2008.
Citation
MARTINON, MUMMA-CA. 2011. Implementation of the Djibouti Peace Agreement: The Role of Different Actors and Stakeholders. . :21-29., Nairobi: International Peace Support Training CentrePublisher
University of Nairobi Political science and Public Administration