Factors contributing to increased risk of hiv infection among men who have sex with men in Kisumu City

Abstract

Background: It is estimated worldwide that 34 million people are living with HIV and that 2.5 million people were newly infected (WHO, 2012). Sub- Sahara Africa accounts for about 70% (23.5 million) PLWHA (WHO, 2012). It is estimated that at least 5-10% of HIV infections worldwide occur as a result of male- to-male sex (UNAIDS, 2006). In Kenya, it is estimated that 5.6% adults (1.2M) are infected with HIV (KAIS 2012), with about 15% per cent of all new HIV infections attributed directly or indirectly to MSM (Gouws, 2006). Objective: The aim of the study was to establish factors contributing to increased risk of HIV infection among MSM in Kisumu City. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out within Kisumu City. The study recruited 100 participants through snowballing method. Data collection tools included standardized predefined questionnaires for quantitative data and focus group discussion guide for qualitative data. Results: MSMs in Kisumu City were young adults (average age of 28years) and single (53%). They cut across all economic classes with 25% in formal employment while 90% had formal education. 20% engaged in risk (receptive) anal sexual behavior, with over 50% having multiple sexual partners. Condom use is low while the use of water based lubricant was low (24%). They had STIs in both their anal and genitals. They used drugs before engaging in sex, with alcohol and bhang being widely used at 69% and 47% respectively. Although half (50%) of the respondents didn't know their sexual partnersHIV status, it was found that 80% knew their personal HIV status with a prevalence of 14%. Age and the number of male sexual partners had a significant relationship with HIV infection, by having a p-value of 0.044 and 0.014 respectively. Conclusion: Msm in Kisumu City are at risk of HIV infection due to a combination of factors related to sexual behaviour, health needs and socio-cultural barriers. Recommendations: The government and other stakeholders in the HIV prevention, treatment, care and support, should come up with programmes and provision of health