Journal Articles: Recent submissions
Now showing items 8661-8680 of 29992
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Triple antiretroviral compared with zidovudine and single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis during pregnancy and breastfeeding for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (Kesho Bora study): a randomised controlled trial
(University of Nairobi, 2011-03)Abstract BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is essential for child health and development in low-resource settings but carries a significant risk of transmission of HIV-1, especially in late stages of maternal disease. We aimed ... -
Baroreflex function in endurance- and static exercise-trained men.
(University of NairobiCollege of Health Sciences, 1985)The effect of exercise training mode on reflex cardiovascular control was studied in a cross-sectional design. We examined the cardiovascular responses to progressive incremental phenylephrine (PE) infusion to maximal rates ... -
Prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of HIV-positive women diagnosed with invasive cancer of the cervix in Kenya.
(Doris Duke Clinical Research Fellow, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA, 2013)OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and assess access to, and outcomes of, treatment for ICC among HIV-infected women in Kisumu, Kenya. METHODS: We performed a retrospective ... -
Changes in plasma viral load and penile viral shedding after circumcision among HIV-positive men in Kisumu, Kenya.
(2013)BACKGROUND:: We conducted a prospective cohort study of HIV-positive men ages 18-35 years in Kisumu, Kenya to determine if medical circumcision of ART-naïve HIV-positive men leads to increased viral load and penile viral ... -
Stable CD4 Expression and Local Immune Activation in the Ectocervical Mucosa of HIV-Infected Women.
(2013)Studies using genital tissue samples from HIV-infected women might provide important information about HIV susceptibility and transmission. In this study, ectocervical biopsies were obtained from 20 HIV-seropositive (HIV(+)) ... -
Relationship between mortality and feeding modality among children born to HIV-infected mothers in a research setting: the Kesho Bora study
(University of Nairobi, 2013-06-19)OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between infant feeding practices and mortality by 18 months of age among children born to HIV-infected mothers in the Kesho Bora trial (Burkina-Faso, Kenya and South Africa). MET ... -
HIV-1 Superinfection Occurs Less Frequently Than Initial Infection in a Cohort of High-Risk Kenyan Women.
(2013)HIV superinfection (reinfection) has been reported in several settings, but no study has been designed and powered to rigorously compare its incidence to that of initial infection. Determining whether HIV infection reduces ... -
Evaluating the uptake, acceptability, and effectiveness of Uliza! clinicians' HIV hotline: a telephone consultation service in Kenya.
(Mary Ann LibertCentre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya., 2011)OBJECTIVE: Many clinical sites that serve patients who are HIV positive face challenges of insufficient staffing levels and staff training and have limited access to consultation resources including specialists on site. ... -
Evidence for Efficient Vertical Transfer of Maternal HIV-1 Envelope-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies but No Association of Such Antibodies With Reduced Infant Infection
(University of Nairobi, 2013-10-01)Little is known about the efficiency of vertical transfer of HIV-1-specific antibodies. Antibody levels in plasma from 60 mother-infant pairs near the time of birth, including 14 breast-feeding transmission pairs, were ... -
HIV-1 maternal and infant variants show similar sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies, but sensitivity varies by subtype
(University of NairobiSchool of Public Health, 2013-06-19)RATIONALE: To protect against HIV infection, passively transferred and/or vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) need to effectively target diverse subtypes that are transmitted globally. These variants are a ... -
Plasma and Cerebrospinal Proteomes From Children With Cerebral Malaria Differ From Those of Children With Other Encephalopathies
(PubMedSchool of Medicine, University of Nairobi, 2013-07-25)Clinical signs and symptoms of cerebral malaria in children are nonspecific and are seen in other common encephalopathies in malaria-endemic areas. This makes accurate diagnosis difficult in resource-poor settings. Novel ... -
Perceptions of child discipline and its contributions to child abuse in a low-income community in Nairobi, Kenya
(University of NairobiSchool of Public Health, 2013-08-02)BACKGROUND: There is a fine line between child discipline and maltreatment. Perceptions of child discipline in three tribal groups living in an informal community in Kenya are reported.METHODS: Child disciplinary practices ... -
Breastfeeding is associated with decreased pneumonia incidence among HIV-exposed, uninfected Kenyan infants.
(University of Nairobi,Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, 2013)OBJECTIVE:: HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants have higher infectious disease morbidity and mortality than unexposed infants. We determined the incidence and risk factors for pneumonia, a leading cause of infant ... -
Effect of Text Messaging to Deter Early Resumption of Sexual Activity after Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
(Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAKenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USADepartment of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, 2013)BACKGROUND:: Resumption of sex before complete wound healing after male circumcision may increase risk of post-operative surgical complications, and HIV acquisition and transmission. We aimed to determine the effect ... -
Risk factors for cervical precancer detection among previously unscreened HIV-infected women in Western Kenya.
(WileyDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 2013)HIV and cervical cancer are intersecting epidemics in many low-resource settings, yet there are few accurate estimates of the scope of this public health challenge. To understand disease prevalence and risk factors for ... -
Preventing HIV infection in women.
(Wolters KluwerDivision of Infectious Diseases, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7030, USA, 2013)Although the number of new infections has declined recently, women still constitute almost half of the world's 34 million people with HIV infection, and HIV remains the leading cause of death among women of reproductive ... -
Neonatal nitrition and later outcomes of very low birth weight infants at Kenyatta National Hospital
(University of Nairobi, 2007-06)A total of 296 episodes of bacteremia due to Enterobacter occurred in 281 patients with cancer between 1972 and 1986. The majority of these episodes were caused by Enterobacter cloacae. Seventy-four percent of the patients ... -
A tribute to professor Edward George Kasili
(University of Nairobi, 2009-12)No abstract available -
Does integrating family planning into HIV care and treatment impact intention to use contraception? Patient perspectives from HIV-infected individuals in Nyanza Province, Kenya.
(ElsevierDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, 2013)OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether HIV-infected women and men in HIV care and not using highly effective methods of contraception thought they would be more likely to use contraception if it were available at the HIV ... -
Prevalence, types and comorbidity of mental disorders in a Kenyan primary health centre.
(2013)PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence, types and comorbidity of the most common mental disorders and the spread of suicide risk in a primary care practice in Kenya. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive ...
