Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 1781-1800 of 10417
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Geographic distribution of HIV stigma among women of childbearing age in rural Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2014-04-24)Objective(s): HIV stigma is considered to be a major driver of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, yet there is a limited understanding of its occurrence. We describe the geographic patterns of two forms of HIV stigma in a cross-sectional ... -
For protection from HIV-1 infection, more might not be better: a systematic analysis of HIV Gag epitopes of two alleles associated with different outcomes of HIV-1 infection
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2011)A subset of women in the Pumwani Sexworker cohort, established in 1985 in Nairobi, Kenya, remains uninfected despite repeated high-risk exposure(HESN) through active sex work. This HESN phenotype is associated with several ... -
A common HLA-DP genotype is associated with resistance to hiv-1 infection in Kenyan sex workers
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2008-10)HLA-DP antigens present peptides to CD4+ T cells and play an important role in parasitic infections and autoimmune diseases, yet their influence on HIV-1 susceptibility has not been well studied. Here, we report several ... -
Cellular immune responses to recurring influenza strains have limited boosting ability and limited cross-reactivity to other strains
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2010-08)Influenza vaccine provides protection against infection with matched strains, and this protection correlates with serum antibody titres. In addition to antibodies, influenza-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte responses are important ... -
Blunted il17/il22 and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in the genital tract and blood of HIV-exposed, seronegative female sex workers in Kenya
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2012-08)Background Identifying the immune correlates of reduced susceptibility to HIV remains a key goal for the HIV vaccine field, and individuals who are HIV-exposed, seronegative (HESN) may offer important clues. Reduced ... -
Cohorts for the study of HIV-1—exposed but uninfected individuals: benefits and limitations
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2010)Since the late 1980s, with the first identification of individuals who were exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) yet remained uninfected, or “HIV-1—resistant” individuals, a large number of cohorts that ... -
Multiplex detection of bacteria associated with normal microbiota and with bacterial vaginosis in vaginal swabs by use of oligonucleotide-coupled fluorescent
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2009-12)Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a recurrent condition that is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted diseases, preterm births, and ... -
Epitope cross-reactivity frequently differs between central and effector memory HIV-specific CD8+ t cells1
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2007-03)HIV diversity may limit the breadth of vaccine coverage due to epitope sequence differences between strains. Although amino acid substitutions within CD8+ T cell HIV epitopes can result in complete or partial abrogation ... -
Inflammation and HIV transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2015-04)While the per-contact risk of sexual HIV transmission is relatively low, it is fourfold higher in sub-Saharan Africa, and this may partly explain the major global disparities that exist in HIV prevalence. Genital immune ... -
Evaluation of a quantitative real-time PCR assay to measure HIV-specific mucosal CD8+ T cell responses in the cervix
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2010-10)Several candidate HIV vaccines aim to induce virus-specific cellular immunity particularly in the genital tract, typically the initial site of HIV acquisition. However, standardized and sensitive methods for evaluating ... -
Repeat use of post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV among Nairobi-based female sex workers following sexual exposure
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2015-05)As ART-based prevention becomes available, effectively targeting these interventions to key populations such as female sex workers (FSW) will be critical. In this study we analyze patterns of repeated post-exposure prophylaxis ... -
Donating human samples: who benefits? Cases from iceland, Kenya and Indonesia
(Univerisyt of Nairobi, 2013-06)Benefit sharing involving human genetic resources is an unresolved topic. Some argue that participation in scientific research should always be altruistically motivated, which is how access to human genetic resources has ... -
Dimensional analysis of selected linear and curved measurements of human and baboon brains
(University of Nairobi, 2015-02-11)Brains of primates show morphometric differences that may be influenced by the process of functional complexity, evolution and adaptation. Comparative topographic measurements of the primate brains have been used to ... -
Functional Adaptability of the Tunica Media of the Atriopulmonary Junction
(University of Nairobi, 2015)Introduction: The histoarchitecture of the tunica media of the Atriopulmonary Junction (APJ) has not been extensively studied and yet the tunica media is the backbone, which provides the structural strength for optimum ... -
Identification of preferential CD4+ T-cell targets for HIV infection in the cervix.
(University of Nairobi, 2015-05)A better understanding of the cellular targets of HIV infection in the female genital tract may inform HIV prevention efforts. Proposed correlates of cellular susceptibility include the HIV co-receptor CCR5, peripheral ... -
Risky HIV sexual behaviour and depression among University of Nairobi students.
(2015-05)BACKGROUND: Prevalence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among the youth are disproportionately high compared to that of other age groups in Kenya. Poor mental health has been linked to risky HIV ... -
Passively acquired antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) activity in hiv-infected infants is associated with reduced mortality
(University of Nairobi, 2015)In addition to direct effects on virus infectivity, antibodies mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), the killing of an antibody-coated virus-infected cell by cytotoxic effector cells. Although ADCC has ... -
Parasites and vectors of malaria on Rusinga Island, Western Kenya
(university of nairobi, 2015)Background There is a dearth of information on malaria endemicity in the islands of Lake Victoria in western Kenya. In this study malaria prevalence and Plasmodium sporozoite rates on Rusinga Island were investigated. The ... -
Health care-seeking behaviour of HIV-infected mothers and male partners in Nairobi, Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2015)Health care-seeking behaviours of HIV-infected mothers in sub-Saharan Africa are poorly characterised and typically focus on individual health conditions rather than overall health. We conducted a qualitative study to ... -
Prevalence of H Pylori in tonsillar tissue of patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy using Rapid Urease Test in a tertiary hospital in a sub Saharan country
(University of Nairobi, 2015)This article attempts to review the prevalence of H Pylori in the tonsillar tissue of patients with adeno tonsillar hypertrophy. Rapid urease test is used to identify the presence of H Pylori. H pylori has the ability ...
