Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 2041-2060 of 10417
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Systems analysis and improvement to optimize pMTCT (SAIA): a cluster randomized trial
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background Despite significant increases in global health investment and the availability of low-cost, efficacious interventions to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (pMTCT) in low- and middle-income countries ... -
Women and ARV-based HIV prevention - challenges and opportunities.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)ARV-based HIV prevention methods available in pill, gel or ring formulations (broadly referred to as microbicides) offer the possibility of protection against HIV for women who find it difficult because they cannot ask ... -
The impact of introducing new vaccines on the health system: Case studies from six low- and middle-income countries.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the impacts of new vaccine introductions on immunization programmes and health systems in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: We conducted case studies of seven vaccine introductions ... -
Single-agent tenofovir versus combination emtricitabine plus tenofovir for pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 acquisition: an update of data from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
(2014)Abstract BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), with daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in combination with emtricitabine, has been shown to be efficacious ... -
System dynamics model of cervical cancer vaccination and screening interventions in Kenya
(2014)Objectives This paper presents a simulation model for evaluating the possible effects of a screening and vaccination campaign against Human Papillomavirus [HPV] in Kenya. Method A System Dynamics model was developed ... -
Anti-malarial activity of a polyherbal product (Nefang) during early and established Plasmodium infection in rodent models
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background The emerging resistance of Plasmodium species to currently available anti-malarials remains a public health concern, hence the need for new effective, safe and affordable drugs. Natural products remain a ... -
Diagnostic utility of zinc protoporphyrin to detect iron deficiency in Kenyan pregnant women
(University of Nairobi, 2014)BackgroundIron-deficient erythropoiesis results in excess formation of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), which can be measured instantly and at low assay cost using portable haematofluorometers. ZPP is used as a screening marker ... -
Texting improves testing: a randomized trial of two-way SMS to increase postpartum prevention of mother-to-child transmission retention and infant HIV testing.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)OBJECTIVE: Many sub-Saharan African countries report high postpartum loss to follow-up of mother-baby pairs. We aimed to determine whether interactive text messages improved rates of clinic attendance and early infant ... -
Intrathecal administration of clonidine or yohimbine decreases the nociceptive behavior caused by formalin injection in the marsh terrapin (Pelomedusa subrufa).
(2014)BACKGROUND: The role of noradrenergic system in the control of nociception is documented in some vertebrate animals. However, there are no data showing the role of this system on nociception in the marsh terrapins. M ... -
Hypoglycaemia and hypocalcaemia as determinants of admission birth weight criteria for term stable low risk macrosomic neonates
(University of Nairobi, 2014-09)Background : Large for gestational age (LGA) accounts for about 6.3% of admissions in kenyatta national hospital, newborn unit. As a policy all IGA’s, defined by birth weight of 4000g and above are admitted for 24hours ... -
Community-based evaluation of PMTCT uptake in Nyanza province, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)INTRODUCTION: Facility-based assessments of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs may overestimate population coverage. There are few community-based studies that evaluate PMTCT coverage and ... -
Prevalence and correlates of treatment failure among Kenyan children hospitalised with severe community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective study of the clinical effectiveness of WHO pneumonia case management guidelines
(2014)Objective To determine the extent and pattern of treatment failure (TF) among children hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia at a large tertiary hospital in Kenya. Methods We followed up children aged 2–59 ... -
Changes in sexual risk behavior in the mombasa cohort: 1993-2007.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)The Mombasa Cohort is an open cohort study following HIV-seronegative women reporting transactional sex. Established in 1993, the cohort provides regular HIV counseling and testing at monthly visits. Over time, HIV acquisition ... -
Characteristics, complications, and gaps in evidence-based interventions in rheumatic heart disease: the global rheumatic heart disease registry (the remedy study).
(University of Nairobi, 2014)AIMS: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) accounts for over a million premature deaths annually; however, there is little contemporary information on presentation, complications, and treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: This ... -
Effect of Education of Primary Health Care Workers on HIV-related Oral Lesions in Nairobi East District
(2012)An estimated 90% of HIV-infected people are likely to develop oral lesions in the course of HIV infection. Oro-pharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), an early marker for HIV-infection, can be diagnosed during an oral examination ... -
Assessing cost and technical efficiency of HIV prevention interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: the ORPHEA study design and methods
(2014)Background Scaling up services to achieve HIV targets will require that countries optimize the use of available funding. Robust unit cost estimates are essential for the better use of resources, and information on the ... -
Ocular Morbidity and Health Seeking Behaviour in Kwara State, Nigeria: Implications for Delivery of Eye Care Services
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background There is currently limited information as to which conditions are most prevalent in communities in developing countries. This makes effective planning of eye services difficult. Methods 3,899 eligible ... -
Prevalence and outcomes of acute kidney injury in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia
(2014)Background The kidney is the most damaged organ in asphyxiated full-term infants. The severity of its damage is correlated with the severity of neurological damage. We determined the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia-associated ... -
Acceptability and Feasibility of Repeated Mucosal Specimen Collection in Clinical Trial Participants in Kenya
(2014)Mucosal specimens are essential to evaluate compartmentalized immune responses to HIV vaccine candidates and other mucosally targeted investigational products. We studied the acceptability and feasibility of repeated mucosal ... -
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Kenya: challenges to implementation
(2014)Background The prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is lauded as one of the more successful HIV prevention measures. However, despite some gains in the prevention of mother-to-child ...
