Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 2081-2100 of 10417
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When is the last time you looked for Diffuse Infiltrative Lymphocytosis Syndrome (DILS) in HIV patient?
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background: Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS) is characterised by a persistent CD8+ lymphocytosis and lymphocytic infiltration of various organs. The exact prevalence isn’t known but some studies have ... -
Randomised Double Blind Study to Compare Effectiveness of Honey, Salbutamol and Placebo in Treatment of Cough in Children with Common Cold
(KMA, 2014)Background: Acute upper respiratory infection is the most common childhood illness and presents with cough, coryza and fever. Available evidence suggests that cough medicines may be no more effective than honey-based cough ... -
Adherence to Pneumonia Guidelines for Children 2 – 59 Months at Garrisa Provincial General Hospital
(KMA, 2014)Background: Clinical Practice Guidelines for childhood illnesses including pneumonia in Kenya are contained in the Ministry of Health Basic Paediatric Protocols. In the presence of a cough and/ or difficulty in breathing ... -
Effects of Enteral Glutamine Supplementation on Reduction of Infection in Adult Patients with Severe Burns
(KMA, 2014)Objective: To determine the effect of enteral glutamine in reducing the incidence of post burn infections in patients with severe burns. Design: A double blind randomised clinical trial. Setting: Burns unit and ward 4D ... -
Use of antenatal corticosteroids and tocolytic drugs in preterm births in 29 countries: an analysis of the who multicountry survey on maternal and newborn health
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Despite the global burden of morbidity and mortality associated with preterm birth, little evidence is available for use of antenatal corticosteroids and tocolytic drugs in preterm births in low-income and middle-income ... -
Genetic polymorphisms in IL-1A and IL-1B isoforms and their associations with chronic periodontitis in the Swahili people of Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Genetic polymorphisms in interleukin-1 (IL-1A and IL-1B) isoforms have been associated with Chronic Periodontitis (CP) in Caucasians, Asians and Arabs but little is known about their role in Africans. Therefore, this study ... -
Genotypic Diversity of HRSV-A in out-patients with Acute Respiratory Infections in Kenya 2007-2010
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Introduction: Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus is the leading viral cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children and infants. Amongst adults, the elderly and the immuno-compromised are also at risk of severe RSV. RSV ... -
Molecular characterization of human coronavirus circulating in Kenya, 2009-2012
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background: The genome of a human coronavirus (HCoV) is composed of a linear, single-stranded, non-segmented, positive-sense RNA of 27-32 kb. The pol gene of HCoV found in ORF1ab, is a good molecular chronometer for molecular ... -
Molecular typing of respiratory human enteroviruses isolated in Kenya between 2008 -2011 using the VP1 gene
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background: Human enteroviruses (genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae) are common infectious agents grouped into HEV-A, HEV-B, HEV-C and HEV-D species. They comprise >100 serotypes and are responsible for a wide range ... -
The appropriateness of WHO influenza B vaccine component to Kenya in 2011-2012
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background: In the 1980’s, influenza B viruses were discovered to belong to two evolutionary groupings (B/Victoria/2/87-like viruses and B/Yamagata/16/88-like viruses) that continue to co-circulate globally in the human ... -
Co-circulation of Human Parainfluenza viruses in Kenya, Jan 2013-Sep 2013
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background: Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) belong to the paramyxoviridae family. HPIV is the major cause of croup in which type 1 is most frequent cause, followed by type 3 and type 2 respectively. Surveillance has ... -
Pathophysiology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)The incidence of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is strongly associated with solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, HIV and human papilloma virus (HPV). Africa has the highest incidence rates in the world. Most lesions ... -
Species and serotype diversity of human rhinoviruses from patients presenting with influenza like illness in Kenya in 2008
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Tract infections, the main cause of the common cold and recently have been associated with more serious respiratory infections. There are over 100 known serotypes of HRV, classified into 3 species (A, B and C). In Kenya, ... -
Neuraminidase Inhibitor activities on Influenza B isolates obtained in Kenya, 2011-2012
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Introduction: Oseltamivir and zanamivir are neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) with important roles as drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. Whereas there have been reports of in vivo resistance of influenza B ... -
Origins, molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of influenza a(H1N1)pdm09 virus in Kenya: a bayesian coalescent analysis
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background: An influenza pandemic caused by a swine-origin influenza virus A/H1N1 [A(H1N1)pdm09] spread worldwide in 2009 and is estimated to have caused between 151,700 and 575,400 deaths globally. The spread of influenza ... -
Influenza surveillance in Kenya2006-2013: experiences and lessons learned
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background: Influenza sentinel surveillance at the KEMRI-National Influenza Centre (NIC) was rolled out in 2006. A team of collaborators from Kenya Medical Research Unit (KEMRI), US Army Medical research unit –Kenya ... -
Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts involved in the fermentation ofamabere amaruranu, a Kenyan fermented milk.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Indigenous fermented milk products contain microbiota composed of technologically important species and strains which are gradually getting lost with new technologies. We investigated the microbial diversity inamabere ... -
Trends in drug resistance codons in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes in Kenyan parasites from 2008 to 2012
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background: Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), an antifolate, was r eplaced by artemether-lumefantrine as the first-line malaria drug treatment in Kenya in 2004 due to the wide s pread of resistance. However, SP still remains ... -
Characteristics and outcomes of HIV-infected youth and young adolescents enrolled in HIV care in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Background:: The number of youth and adolescents (10-24 years) with HIV infection has increased substantially presenting unique challenges to effective health service delivery. Methods:: We examined routinely collected ... -
Association between male circumcision and incidence of syphilis in men and women: a prospective study in HIV-1 serodiscordant heterosexual African couples
(University of Nairobi, 2014-11)Background Male circumcision is a primary HIV-1 prevention intervention for men, but whether the procedure reduces the risk of syphilis among men and their female partners is uncertain. We aimed to assess whether male ...
