Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 2561-2580 of 10418
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Development and characterisation of neutralising monoclonal antibody to the SARS-coronavirus.
(University of NairobiNational Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, CFIA, Winnipeg, Canada, 2004-09)There is a global need to elucidate protective antigens expressed by the SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Monoclonal antibody reagents that recognise specific antigens on SARS-CoV are needed urgently. In this report, the ... -
QUASI analysis of the HIV-1 envelope sequences in the Los Alamos National Laboratory HIV sequence database: pattern and distribution of positive selection sites and their frequencies over years
(University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2007-04)The envelope (env) protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) plays a crucial role in virus entry and is a central target for HIV vaccine design. Using the QUASI program, we analyzed the conserved regions of ... -
Low vitamin B12 intake during pregnancy and lactation and low breastmilk vitamin 12 content in rural Kenyan women consuming predominantly maize diets.
(Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health,, 2013)BACKGROUND: Vitamin B12 deficiency during pregnancy and lactation may negatively affect fetal growth, brain development, pregnancy outcome, and breastmilk vitamin B12 content. OBJECTIVE: To examine associations ... -
Animal source foods have a positive impact on the primary school test scores of Kenyan schoolchildren in a cluster-randomised, controlled feeding intervention trial.
(CambridgeDepartment of Community Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 2013)Micronutrient deficiencies and suboptimal energy intake are widespread in rural Kenya, with detrimental effects on child growth and development. Sporadic school feeding programmes rarely include animal source foods (ASF). ... -
Integration of family planning services into HIV care and treatment in Kenya: a cluster-randomized trial.
(Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, KenyaDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USACenter for AIDS Prevention, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA., 2013)OBJECTIVE: To determine whether integrating family planning services into HIV care is associated with increased use of more effective contraceptive methods (sterilization, intrauterine device, implant, injectable or ... -
Cost, cost-efficiency and cost-effectiveness of integrated family planning and HIV services.
(Wolters KluwerCenter for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California,Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi,, 2013)OBJECTIVE: To evaluate costs, cost-efficiency and cost-effectiveness of integration of family planning into HIV services. INTERVENTION: Integration of family planning services into HIV care and treatment ... -
Across-sectional survey of prevalence and correlates of couple sexual concurrency among married couples in fishing communities along Lake Victoria in Kisumu, Kenya.
(BMJCenter for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, 2013)OBJECTIVE: Sexual concurrency has been associated with HIV infection. Since HIV in sub-Saharan Africa is mostly spread within the context of heterosexual couples, it is necessary that intervention is focused on such ... -
Responses to and Resources for Intimate Partner Violence: Qualitative Findings From Women, Men, and Service Providers in Rural Kenya.
(Sage PublicationsCollege of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, 2013)Intimate partner violence (IPV) is reported by one in three women globally, but the prevalence is much higher in East Africa. Though some formal and informal resources do exist for women experiencing IPV, data suggest that ... -
Pyrosequencing of the chaperonin-60 universal target as a tool for determining microbial community composition.
(University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba, 2009-05)We compared dideoxy sequencing of cloned chaperonin-60 universal target (cpn60 UT) amplicons to pyrosequencing of amplicons derived from vaginal microbial communities. In samples pooled from a number of individuals, the ... -
A comparative analysis of gene expression patterns and cell phenotypes between cervical and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
(University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology,, 2009-12)Studies of the immunological environment in the female genital tract (FGT) are critical for the development of vaccines or microbicides to halt the spread of sexually transmitted infections. Challenges arise due to the ... -
Systems biology-based approaches to understand HIV-exposed uninfected women.
(University of NairobiPublic Health Agency of Canada,, 2010-05)Worldwide HIV infects women more frequently than men, and it is clear that not all exposed to HIV become infected. Several populations of HIV-exposed uninfected (EU) women have been identified, including discordant couples ... -
Unbiased proteomics analysis demonstrates significant variability in mucosal immune factor expression depending on the site and method of collection.
(University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2013-11)Female genital tract secretions are commonly sampled by lavage of the ectocervix and vaginal vault or via a sponge inserted into the endocervix for evaluating inflammation status and immune factors critical for HIV microbicide ... -
Identification of three novel human leukocyte antigen alleles, HLA-B58:43 HLA-C03:190 and HLA-DPA101:12 in an East African cohort.
(University of NairobiHIV and Human Genetics, National Microbiology Laboratory, 2013-08)Three novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles were identified using a sequence-based typing of HLA class I and class II alleles of 1867 participants from a male circumcision cohort in Kenya. The new alleles were first ... -
High pH reversed-phase chromatography as a superior fractionation scheme compared to off-gel isoelectric focusing for complex proteome analysis
(University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2013-10)MS/MS is the technology of choice for analyzing complex protein mixtures. However, due to the intrinsic complexity and dynamic range present in higher eukaryotic proteomes, prefractionation is an important step to maximize ... -
HIV and Interferon Regulatory Factor 1: A Story of Manipulation and Control.
(University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology,, 2013-11)Members of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family control the expression of numerous proteins, many of which are central to regulating host immune responses. IRF1 is one of the central mediators of the innate and ... -
Validation of a modified version of the PRIME screen for psychosis-risk symptoms in a non-clinical Kenyan youth sample.
(ElsevierCollege of Health Sciences, 2013)The PRIME screen is a self-administered questionnaire designed to quickly assess individuals at risk for developing a psychotic disorder. It is shorter in both length and administration time compared to the Structured ... -
Anti-HIV-1 activity of elafin depends on its nuclear localization and altered innate immune activation in female genital epithelial cells.
(University of NairobiSchool of Medicine, 2012-12-27)Elafin (E) and its precursor trappin-2 (Tr) are alarm antiproteases with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Tr and E (Tr/E) have been associated with HIV-1 resistance. We recently showed that Tr/E reduced IL-8 ... -
Plasma and mucosal fluid from HIV type 1-infected patients but not from HIV type 1-exposed uninfected subjects prevent HIV type 1-exposed DC from infecting other target cells.
(University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2007-01-23)Highly exposed persistently seronegative (HEPS) individuals have previously been shown to mount HIV-1-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in the mucosa, despite their uninfected status. It is thus possible that ... -
Acting locally: innate mucosal immunity in resistance to HIV-1 infection in Kenyan commercial sex workers
(University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2013-06-26)Cohort studies of female commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Kenya were among the first to identify highly HIV-1-exposed seronegative (HESN) individuals. As natural resistance is usually mediated by innate immune mechanisms, ... -
The place of knowledge management in influencing lasting health change in Africa: an analysis of AMREF's progress.
(University of NairobiDepartment of Human Pathology, 2012)INTRODUCTION: AMREF (African Medical and Research Foundation) developed a Knowledge Management Strategy that focused on creating, capturing and applying health knowledge to close the gap between communities and health ...
