Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 5561-5580 of 10418
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Factors associated with non-adherence to Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) to malaria in a rural population from holoendemic region of western Kenya
(Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya, 2012)Over the years, reports implicate improper anti-malarial use as a major contributor of morbidity and mortality amongst millions of residents in malaria endemic areas, Kenya included. However, there are limited reports on ... -
The incidence of nosocomial urinary tract infections: Kenyatta national hospital - intensive. Care unit
(University of NairobiCollege of Health Science, 2011)Urinary tract infections (UTI’s) are the most common nosocomial infections in both acute care settings and long-term care facilities. Each year millions of urethral catheters are put in place in these facilities across the ... -
Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy in Kenya.
(Univesity of NairobiDepartment of Medicine, 2011-04)BACKGROUND: The prevalence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) among HIV-infected women on antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa has not been well described. METHODS: HIV-infected women enrolled ... -
Increased risk of HIV-1 transmission in pregnancy: a prospective study among African HIV-1-serodiscordant couples.
(Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, 2011)Physiologic and behavioral changes during pregnancy may alter HIV-1 susceptibility and infectiousness. Prospective studies exploring pregnancy and HIV-1 acquisition risk in women have found inconsistent results. No study ... -
HIV type 1 subtype diversity and drug resistance among HIV type 1-infected Kenyan patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.
(Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya., 2009)The treatment of HIV-1 infection with antiretroviral drugs has greatly improved the survival of those who are infected. However, HIV-1 diversity and drug resistance are major challenges in patient management, especially ... -
Factors associated with HIV infection in married or cohabitating couples in Kenya: results from a nationally representative study.
(uDepartment of Medicine, 2011-03)BACKGROUND: In order to inform prevention programming, we analyzed HIV discordance and concordance within couples in the Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS) 2007. METHODS: KAIS was a nationally representative ... -
Swellable molecularly imprinted polyN-(N-propyl)acrylamide particles for detection of emerging organic contaminants using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy.
(Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3071, United StatesCollege of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, 2007)Lightly crosslinked theophylline imprinted polyN-(N-propyl)acrylamide particles (ca. 300nm in diameter) that are designed to swell and shrink as a function of analyte concentration in aqueous media were spin coated onto a ... -
Genetic characterization of HIV type 1 among patients with suspected immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Kenya.
(Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, 2010)Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the survival of HIV patients but is also associated with unique manifestations of disease in some subjects during the initial months of therapy. Immune reconstitution inflammatory ... -
Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, human immunodeficiency virus/herpes simplex virus type 2 coinfection, and associated risk factors in a national, population-based survey in Kenya.
(Gynaecology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya., 2011)Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a known biologic cofactor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and acquisition. The Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey 2007 provided Kenya's first nationally representative ... -
Characterization of swellable molecularly imprinted polymer particles by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy.
(Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3071, USAUniversity of Nairobi, Kenya, 2012)Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been used to investigate template binding at sites in theophylline-imprinted poly-[N-(N-propyl) acrylamide] particles. At concentrations as low as 10(-6) M theophylline, particle swelling ... -
Blood donors in Kenya: a comparison of voluntary and family replacement donors based on a population-based survey.
(Univesity of NairobiDepartment of Medicine, 2011-02)BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Blood safety and sufficiency are major challenges in Kenya and other sub-Saharan African countries forcing many countries to rely on family replacement donors (FRD). We analysed data from a ... -
A five-country evaluation of a point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen urine assay for the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni.
(University of Nairobi.College of Health Sciences, 2013-03)We evaluated a commercial point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test for assessing Schistosoma mansoni infection prevalence in areas at risk. Overall, 4,405 school-age children in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, ... -
Incidence of wound infection after caesarean delivery in a district hospital in central Kenya.
(Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi,, 2005)OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of post-caesarean wound infection. DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study. SETTING: Maternity unit of Kiambu District Hospital in Central Province of Kenya. SUBJECTS: All ... -
A qualitative study of barriers to consistent condom use among HIV-1 serodiscordant couples in Kenya.
(Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, 2012)This study explored barriers to consistent condom use among heterosexual HIV-1 serodiscordant couples who were aware of the HIV-1 serodiscordant status and had been informed about condom use as a risk reduction strategy. ... -
Impact of colposcopy on management outcomes of patients with abnormal cervical cytology.
(Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi,, 2007)BACKGROUND: With stringent cervical cytology screening programmes for women in reproductive age group, cervical cancer is, to a large extent, preventable. Back-up confirmatory colposcopic evaluation is necessary in order ... -
HIV-1 prevention for HIV-1 serodiscordant couples.
(International Clinical Research Center, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA, 2012)A substantial proportion of HIV-1 infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa are in stable relationships with HIV-1 uninfected partners, and HIV-1 serodiscordant couples thus represent an important target population for ... -
Willingness of Kenyan HIV-1 serodiscordant couples to use antiretroviral-based HIV-1 prevention strategies.
(Epidemiology, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359927, Seattle, WA 98104, USA, 2012)INTRODUCTION: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have demonstrated efficacy as new human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) prevention approaches for HIV-1 serodiscordant couples. METHOD ... -
Impact of introducing human immunodeficiency virus testing, treatment and care in a tuberculosis clinic in rural Kenya.
(College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, 2010)In July 2005, Médecins Sans Frontières and the Ministry of Health, Kenya, implemented an integrated tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus (TB-HIV) programme in western Kenya. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an ... -
Greentree white paper: sexual violence, genitoanal injury, and HIV: priorities for research, policy, and practice.
(cial Science Research Council , Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA, 2012)The links between sexual violence, genitoanal injury, and HIV are understudied but potentially significant for understanding the epidemic's disproportionate impacts on young women and girls, particularly in sub-Saharan ... -
"What took you so long?" The impact of PEPFAR on the expansion of HIV testing and counseling services in Africa.
(Global HIV and AIDS, Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lusaka, Zambia, 2012)HIV testing and counseling services in Africa began in the early 1990s, with limited availability and coverage. Fears of stigma and discrimination, complex laboratory systems, and lack of available care and treatment ...
