Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 981-1000 of 10417
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Urine TB lipoarabinomannan (LAM) predicts mortality in hospitalized HIV-infected children.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Despite diagnostic performance limitations, urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) predicts death in HIV-infected adults with TB. Pediatric data are limited. Among 137 hospitalized HIV-infected children, mortality was 4.9-fold ... -
HIV-infected women have high numbers of CD103-CD8+ T cells residing close to the basal membrane of the ectocervical epithelium.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Genital mucosa is the main portal of entry for various incoming pathogens, including HIV, hence an important site for host immune defenses. Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells defend tissue barriers against ... -
Scaling up implementation of ART: Organizational culture and early mortality of patients initiated on ART in Nairobi, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2018-01)BACKGROUND: Scaling up the antiretroviral (ART) program in Kenya has involved a strategy of using clinical guidelines coupled with decentralization of treatment sites. However decentralization pushes clinical responsibility ... -
Illness recognition and care-seeking for maternal and newborn complications in rural eastern Uganda.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: To enhance understanding of the roles of community-based initiatives in poor rural societies, we describe and explore illness recognition, decision-making, and appropriate care-seeking for mothers and newborn ... -
Cost and affordability of non-communicable disease screening, diagnosis and treatment in Kenya: Patient payments in the private and public sectors.
(University of Nairobi, 2018-01)INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is rising in low- and middle-income countries, including Kenya, disproportionately to the rest of the world. Our objective was to quantify patient payments ... -
Evaluation of fluorescent in-situ hybridization technique for diagnosis of malaria in Ahero Sub-County hospital, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2018-01)BACKGROUND: Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Treatment of malaria in a timely manner could avert deaths. Treatment ultimately relies on the rapid and accurate diagnosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization ... -
Malaria and Iron Load at the First Antenatal Visit in the Rural South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Is Iron Supplementation Safe or Could It Be Harmful.
(University of Nairobi, 2018-01)We investigated the relationship between malaria infection and iron status in 531 pregnant women in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Sociodemographic data, information on morbidity, and clinical data were ... -
Retinoblastoma, the visible CNS tumor: A review.
(University of Nairobi, 2018-01)The pediatric ocular cancer retinoblastoma is the only central nervous system (CNS) tumor readily observed without specialized equipment: it can be seen by, and in, the naked eye. This accessibility enables unique imaging ... -
Active ingredients of a person-centred intervention for people on HIV treatment: analysis of mixed methods trial data.
(University of Nairobi, 2018-01)BACKGROUND: A new model of care is required to meet the changing needs of people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly in low and middle-income countries, where prevalence is highest. We evaluated a palliative care ... -
Endoglin inhibition leads to intussusceptive angiogenesis via activation of factors related to COUP-TFII signaling pathway.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Angiogenesis is a highly coordinated, extremely complex process orchestrated by multiple signaling molecules and blood flow conditions. While sprouting mode of angiogenesis is very well investigated, the molecular mechanisms ... -
Predictors of uptake of eye examination in people living with diabetes mellitus in three counties of Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant public health concern that is potentially blinding. Clinical practice guidelines recommend annual eye examination of patients with diabetes for early detection of DR. ... -
Evaluation of the Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Care Cascade Among HIV-Positive Female Sex Workers in Mombasa, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Kenyan female sex workers (FSWs) have a high HIV prevalence, increasing their tuberculosis (TB) risk. Despite recommendations that HIV-positive individuals be offered isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), uptake ... -
Parents' and teachers' views on sexual health education and screening for sexually transmitted infections among in-school adolescent girls in Kenya: a qualitative study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: To successfully develop and implement school-based sexual health interventions for adolescent girls, such as screening for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis, it is important ... -
Soil iron and aluminium concentrations and feet hygiene as possible predictors of Podoconiosis occurrence in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Podoconiosis (mossy foot) is a neglected non-filarial elephantiasis considered to be caused by predisposition to cumulative contact of uncovered feet to irritative red clay soil of volcanic origins in the ... -
Risk indicators and effects of hypertension on HIV/AIDS disease progression among patients seen at Kenyatta hospital HIV care center.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)There is paucity of data on prevalence of hypertension and its effects on HIV/AIDS progression among patients at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Kenya. This was a cross sectional study conducted between January and May ... -
The incidence of first-line antiretroviral treatment changes and related factors among HIV-infected sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)INTRODUCTION: In many settings, several factors including adverse drug reactions and clinical failure can limit treatment choices for combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). The aim of the study was to describe the incidence ... -
Bone mineral density and risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease: A Mendelian randomization study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Background: Observational studies have demonstrated that increased bone mineral density is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the relationship with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is less ... -
Determinants of contraceptive use among postpartum women in a county hospital in rural KENYA.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: There is a high unmet need for limiting and spacing child births during the postpartum period. Given the consequences of closely spaced births, and the benefits of longer pregnancy intervals, targeted activities ... -
Mortality among 5-17 year old children in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)INTRODUCTION: Global mortality trends have changed over time and are expected to continue changing with a reduction in communicable diseases and an increase of non-communicable disease. Increased survival of children ... -
Correlates of isoniazid preventive therapy failure in child household contacts with infectious tuberculosis in high burden settings in Nairobi, Kenya - a cohort study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa continues to document high pediatric tuberculosis (TB) burden, especially among the urban poor. One recommended preventive strategy involves tracking and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) ...
