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    A systematic review of Rift Valley Fever epidemiology 1931-2014.

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    Date
    2015
    Author
    Nanyingi,Mark O
    Munyua, Peninah
    Kiama, Stephen G.
    Muchemi, Gerald M
    Thumbi, Samuel M.
    Bitek, Austine O
    Bett, Bernard
    Type
    Article; en_US
    Language
    en
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Background: Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis that was first isolated and characterized in 1931 in Kenya. RVF outbreaks have resulted in significant losses through human illness and deaths, high livestock abortions and deaths. This report provides an overview on epidemiology of RVF including ecology, molecular diversity spatiotemporal analysis, and predictive risk modeling. Methodology: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched for relevant RVF publications in repositories of the World Health Organization Library and Information Networks for Knowledge (WHOLIS), U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). Detailed searches were performed in Google Scholar, SpringerLink, and PubMed databases and included conference proceedings and books published from 1931 up to 31st January 2015. Results and discussion: A total of 84 studies were included in this review; majority (50%) reported on common human and animal risk factors that included consumption of animal products, contact with infected animals and residing in low altitude areas associated with favorable climatic and ecological conditions for vector emergence. A total of 14 (16%) of the publications described RVF progressive spatial and temporal distribution and the use of risk modeling for timely prediction of imminent outbreaks. Using distribution maps, we illustrated the gradual spread and geographical extent of disease; we also estimated the disease burden using aggregate human mortalities and cumulative outbreak periods for endemic regions. Conclusion: This review outlines common risk factors for RVF infections over wider geographical areas; it also emphasizes the role of spatial models in predicting RVF enzootics. It, therefore, explains RVF epidemiological status that may be used for design of targeted surveillance and control programs in endemic countries.
    URI
    http://www.infectionecologyandepidemiology.net/index.php/iee/article/view/28024
    http://hdl.handle.net/11295/90094
    Citation
    Infection Ecology and Epidemiology 2015, 5: 28024
    Publisher
    University of Nairobi
    Subject
    Rift Valley Fever; spatiotemporal; modeling; epidemiology
    Collections
    • Faculty of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine (FAg / FVM) [5481]

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