Journal Articles: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2441-2460 of 29992
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Mapping potential Anopheles gambiae s.l. larval distribution using remotely sensed climatic and environmental variables in Baringo, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) is responsible for the transmission of the devastating Plasmodium falciparum (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae) strain of malaria in Africa. This study investigated the relationship ... -
Sensitivity of vegetation to climate variability and its implications for malaria risk in Baringo, Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2018)The global increase in vector borne diseases has been linked to climate change. Seasonal vegetation changes are known to influence disease vector population. However, the relationship is more theoretical than quantitatively ... -
Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) - And now there are three.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)For centuries, a large number of people living in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula and eastern Africa have chewed the fresh leaves and twigs of the plant Catha edulis Forsk, more commonly known as khat, for ... -
Discovery of a novel species, Theileria haneyi n. sp., infective to equids, highlights exceptional genomic diversity within the genus Theileria: implications for apicomplexan parasite surveillance.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)A novel apicomplexan parasite was serendipitously discovered in horses at the United States - Mexico border. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA showed the erythrocyte-infective parasite to be related to, but distinct ... -
Spatial Distribution of Bactrocera dorsalis and Thaumatotibia leucotreta in Smallholder Avocado Orchards along Altitudinal Gradient of Taita Hills and Mount Kilimanjaro.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Avocado (Persea americana) fruits are an important source of income and a nutritious food for small-scale growers and other stakeholders involved in farming along the Afrotropical highlands of Taita Hills and Mount Kilimanjaro ... -
Effect of drying methods on the retention of bioactive compounds in African eggplant.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)African eggplants (Solanum aethiopicum L.) are a rich source of bioactive compounds and functional constituents that are beneficial to human health. However, the short shelf life of these vegetables can be a major cause ... -
Implant delivering hydroxychloroquine attenuates vaginal T lymphocyte activation and inflammation.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Evidence suggests that women who are naturally resistant to HIV infection exhibit low baseline immune activation at the female genital tract (FGT). This "immune quiescent" state is associated with lower expression of T-cell ... -
Metabolomic analyses to evaluate the effect of drought stress on selected African Eggplant accessions.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)BACKGROUND: Drought stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that affect crops. It leads to biochemical changes that can have adverse effects on plant growth, development and productivity. African eggplants are important ... -
Piloting a livestock identification and traceability system in the northern Tanzania-Narok-Nairobi trade route.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)We designed and piloted a livestock identification and traceability system (LITS) along the Northern Tanzania-Narok-Nairobi beef value chain. Animals were randomly selected and identified at the primary markets using ... -
Stool Xpert MTB/RIF and urine lipoarabinomannan for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in hospitalized HIV-infected children.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected children. Sample collection and the paucibacillary nature of TB in children makes diagnosis challenging. Rapid diagnostic tools ... -
Detection of counterfeit brand spirits using 1H NMR fingerprints in comparison to sensory analysis.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Beverage fraud involving counterfeiting of brand spirits is an increasing problem not only due to deception of the consumer but also because it poses health risks e.g. from possible methanol admixture. Suspicious spirit ... -
Short proline-rich lipopeptide potentiates minocycline and rifampin against multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)A series of 16 short proline-rich lipopeptides (SPRLPs) were constructed to mimic longer naturally existing proline-rich antimicrobial peptides. Antibacterial assessment revealed that lipopeptides containing hexadecanoic ... -
Mycobiota and co-occurrence of mycotoxins in South African maize-based opaque beer.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Beer, a beverage consumed throughout the world, is mainly derived from cereals. In this study, fungal and mycotoxin contamination, as well as the physicochemical properties of maize-based opaque beer (umqombothi) obtained ... -
Comparative oesophageal cancer risk assessment of hot beverage consumption (coffee, mate and tea): the margin of exposure of PAH vs very hot temperatures.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)BACKGROUND: Consumption of very hot (> 65 °C) beverages is probably associated with increased risk of oesophageal cancer. First associations were reported for yerba mate and it was initially believed that high content ... -
Cytotoxic flavonoids from two Lonchocarpus species.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)A new isoflavone, 4'-prenyloxyvigvexin A (1) and a new pterocarpan, (6aR,11aR)-3,8-dimethoxybitucarpin B (2) were isolated from the leaves of Lonchocarpus bussei and the stem bark of Lonchocarpus eriocalyx, respectively. ... -
Cytotoxic benzylbenzofuran derivatives from Dorstenia kameruniana
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Chromatographic separation of the extract of the roots of Dorstenia kameruniana (family Moraceae) led to the isolation of three new benzylbenzofuran derivatives, 2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)benzofuran-6-ol (1), 2-(p-hydroxybenzyl ... -
Effect of short and long moderate-intensity exercises in modifying cardiometabolic markers in sedentary Kenyans aged 50 years and above.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Objectives: We compared effects of shorter moderate-intensity exercise time (<10 min bouts) on cardiometabolic parameters with the current recommendations among elderly adults. Methods: Fifty-three sedentary individuals ... -
Female genital mutilation/cutting: innovative training approach for nurse-midwives in high prevalent settings.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Background: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) has no medical benefits and is associated with serious health complications. FGM/C including medicalization is illegal in Kenya. Capacity building for nurse-midwives ... -
Sequential extraction as novel approach to compare 12 medicinal plants from Kenya regarding their potential to release Chromium, Manganese, Copper, and Zinc.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)This study is focusing on a novel approach to screen a large number of medicinal plants from Kenya regarding their contents and availability of selected metals potentially relevant for treatment of diabetes patients. For ... -
Genetic and Toxigenic Variability within Aspergillus flavus Population Isolated from Maize in Two Diverse Environments in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Aspergillus flavus is the main producer of carcinogenic aflatoxins in agricultural commodities such as maize. This fungus occurs naturally on crops, and produces aflatoxins when environmental conditions are favorable. The ...
