Journal Articles: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2461-2480 of 29992
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Demonstrating PM2.5 and road-side dust pollution by heavy metals along Thika superhighway in Kenya, sub-Saharan Africa.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)This study assessed the level of heavy metal in roadside dust and PM2.5 mass concentrations along Thika superhighway in Kenya. Thika superhighway is one of the busiest roads in Kenya, linking Thika town with Nairobi. ... -
SMS communication improves exclusive breastfeeding and early postpartum contraception in a low to middle income country setting: A randomised trial.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of short message service (SMS) communication on facility delivery, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and contraceptive use. DESIGN: MOBILE WACH WAS A 3-ARM UNBLINDED INDIVIDUALLY RANDOMISED ... -
Measuring family planning quality and its link with contraceptive use in public facilities in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)The individual impacts of several components of family planning service quality on contraceptive use have been studied, but the influence of a composite measure synthesizing these components has not been often investigated. ... -
Variability in distribution and use of tuberculosis diagnostic tests in Kenya: a cross-sectional survey
(University of Nairobi, 2018)BACKGROUND: Globally, 40% of all tuberculosis (TB) cases, 65% paediatric cases and 75% multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases are missed due to underreporting and/or under diagnosis. A recent Kenyan TB prevalence survey ... -
Curriculum and training needs of mid-level health workers in Africa: a situational review from Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)BACKGROUND: Africa's health systems rely on services provided by mid-level health workers (MLWs). Investment in their training is worthwhile since they are more likely to be retained in underserved areas, require shorter ... -
A model for predicting utilization of mHealth interventions in low-resource settings: case of maternal and newborn care in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)BACKGROUND: In low-resource settings, there are numerous socioeconomic challenges such as poverty, inadequate facilities, shortage of skilled health workers, illiteracy and cultural barriers that contribute to high ... -
You Will Know That Despite Being HIV Positive You Are Not Alone: Qualitative Study to Inform Content of a Text Messaging Intervention to Improve Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)BACKGROUND: Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) relies on long-term adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Mobile health approaches, such as text messaging (short message service, SMS), may improve ... -
Drivers of women's sanitation practices in informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative study in Mathare Valley, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Despite evidence suggesting women are disproportionately a ff ected by the lack of adequate and safe sanitation facilities around the world, there is limited information about the factors that in fl uence women ’ s ... -
Analysis of Fish Commonly Sold in Local Supermarkets Reveals the Presence of Pathogenic and Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Communities
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Fish has been an important source of proteins, essential vitamins, and low saturated fats for centuries. However, improperly handled fish can expose consumers to infectious bacteria, including difficult to treat ... -
Using safe, affordable and accessible non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce the number of HIV target cells in the blood and at the female genital tract.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)INTRODUCTION: At its basic level, HIV infection requires a replication-competent virus and a susceptible target cell. Elevated levels of vaginal inflammation has been associated with the increased risk of HIV infection ... -
High-risk HPV-RNA screening of physician- and self-collected specimens for detection of cervical lesions among female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)OBJECTIVE: To compare accuracy of detecting high-grade cervical lesions (squamous intraepithelial lesions or greater, HSIL+) by high-risk HPV messenger RNA (hrHPV-RNA) testing between physician- and self-collected ... -
Dispensing of Antimicrobials in Kenya: A Cross-sectional Pilot Study and Its Implications.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent of self-medication of antibiotics and dispensing practices in Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at three selected pharmacies ... -
Performance evaluation of five commercial assays in assessing seroprevalence of HEV antibodies among blood donors.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)INTRODUCTION: Although hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mainly transmitted via the faecal-oral route, the rate of HEV transmission via blood donation is on the rise. However, the seroprevalence of HEV among blood donors is ... -
Prevention against malaria before the first antenatal visit and absence of anaemia at the first visit were protective from low birth weight: results from a South Kivu cohort, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Background: There is little information on the causes of low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g) in South Kivu. The authors determined the prevalence of LBW among full-term newborns, and its relationship with malaria and anaemia ... -
A facility-based study of women' satisfaction and perceived quality of reproductive and maternal health services in the Kenya output-based approach voucher program.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)BACKGROUND: This is a facility-based study designed to assess perceived quality of care and satisfaction of reproductive health services under the output-based approach (OBA) services in Kenya from clients' perspectiv ... -
Circumcision status at HIV infection is not associated with plasma viral load in men: analysis of specimens from a randomized controlled trial.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)Background Male circumcision provides men with approximately 60% protection from acquiring HIV infection via heterosexual sex, and has become a key component of HIV prevention efforts in sub-Saharan Africa. Possible ... -
Prevalence and Data Availability of Early Childhood Caries in 193 United Nations Countries, 2007-2017.
(University of Nairobi, 2018)OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between health care system and economic factors and early childhood caries (ECC) data availability and prevalence. METHODS: We estimated ECC data for 193 United Nations countries ... -
Vasculitis in Africa
(University of Nairobi, 2018)PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Systemic vasculitides are characterized by inflammation of blood vessel walls leading to a myriad of organ disorders depending on the size, site, and location of the affected blood vessel. The ... -
Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy In Mn2VIn (001) Films: An Ab Initio Study
(University of Nairobi, 2018)First principles study of the magnetic anisotropy of Mn2VIn (001) films show perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), which increases as a function of the thickness of the film. Density functional theory (DFT) as implemented ... -
Innovation challenges encountered by small and medium enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2018)The current business environment is characterized by tough and unpredictable competitions. All organizations, regardless of their size and scope of operation are faced with tough competition challenges and in order ...
