Journal Articles: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2521-2540 of 29894
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Application of probabilistic modeling to quantify the reduction levels of hepatocellular carcinoma risk attributable to chronic aflatoxins exposure.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Epidemiological studies show a definite connection between areas of high aflatoxin content and a high occurrence of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B virus in individuals further increases the risk of HCC. ... -
Determinants of contraceptive use among postpartum women in a county hospital in rural KENYA.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: There is a high unmet need for limiting and spacing child births during the postpartum period. Given the consequences of closely spaced births, and the benefits of longer pregnancy intervals, targeted activities ... -
Application of Response Surface Methodology to Study the Effects of Brisket Fat, Soy Protein Isolate, and Cornstarch on Nutritional and Textural Properties of Rabbit Sausages.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)The effects of brisket fat, soy protein isolate, and cornstarch on chemical and textural properties of rabbit sausages were studied using surface response methodology. Sausage samples were prepared using a five-level ... -
Mortality among 5-17 year old children in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)INTRODUCTION: Global mortality trends have changed over time and are expected to continue changing with a reduction in communicable diseases and an increase of non-communicable disease. Increased survival of children ... -
Postharvest processes of edible insects in Africa: A review of processing methods, and the implications for nutrition, safety and new products development.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)In many African cultures, insects are part of the diet of humans and domesticated animals. Compared to conventional food and feed sources, insects have been associated with a low ecological foot print because fewer natural ... -
Correlates of isoniazid preventive therapy failure in child household contacts with infectious tuberculosis in high burden settings in Nairobi, Kenya - a cohort study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa continues to document high pediatric tuberculosis (TB) burden, especially among the urban poor. One recommended preventive strategy involves tracking and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) ... -
Supermarket purchase contributes to nutrition-related non-communicable diseases in urban Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: While undernutrition and related infectious diseases are still pervasive in many developing countries, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD), typically associated with high body mass index (BMI), ... -
Effectiveness of home-based nutritional counselling and support on exclusive breastfeeding in urban poor settings in Nairobi: a cluster randomized controlled trial.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) improves infant health and survival. We tested the effectiveness of a home-based intervention using Community Health Workers (CHWs) on EBF for six months in urban poor settings ... -
Azithromycin to prevent post-discharge morbidity and mortality in Kenyan children: a protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (the Toto Bora trial).
(University of Nairobi, 2017)INTRODUCTION: Child mortality due to infectious diseases remains unacceptably high in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Children who are hospitalised represent an accessible population at particularly high risk of death, both ... -
Higher transplacental pathogen-specific antibody transfer among pregnant women randomized to triple antiretroviral treatment versus short course zidovudine.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: HIV-1 infection may impair transplacental antibody transfer to infants. The impact of highly active antiretroviral treatment (ART) given during pregnancy on transplacental antibody transport is unknown. M ... -
Antenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of imminent preterm birth in low-resource countries: the case for equipoise and the need for efficacy trials.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)The scientific basis for antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) for women at risk of preterm birth has rapidly changed in recent years. Two landmark trials-the Antenatal Corticosteroid Trial and the Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids ... -
Frequency of monitoring kidney function in HIV-uninfected persons using daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate pre-exposure prophylaxis.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Wide-scale implementation of oral tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention is now policy in many settings. However, the optimal frequency for monitoring kidney function remains ... -
Study protocol for a cluster-randomized trial to compare human papillomavirus based cervical cancer screening in community-health campaigns versus health facilities in western Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Despite guidelines for cervical cancer prevention in low-resource countries, a very small proportion of women in these settings undergo screening, and even fewer women are successfully treated. Using pilot ... -
SMS messaging to improve ART adherence: perspectives of pregnant HIV-infected women in Kenya on HIV-related message content.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)There is growing evidence that mobile health (mHealth) approaches including short messaging service (SMS) can improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, but consensus is lacking regarding communication of HIV-related ... -
Formula-feeding of HIV-exposed uninfected African children is associated with faster growth in length during the first 6 months of life in the Kesho Bora study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Background: Early feeding patterns may affect the growth of HIV-exposed children and thus their subsequent health and cognition.Objective: We assessed the association of infant feeding (IF) mode with length-for-age z score ... -
Health facility factors and quality of services to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, and Mozambique.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)This study aimed to identify facility-level characteristics associated with prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission service quality. This cross-sectional study sampled 60 health facilities in Mozambique, Côte d'Ivoire, ... -
Prevalence and predictors of intra-abdominal hypertension and compartment syndrome in surgical patients in critical care units at Kenyatta National Hospital.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) affects almost every organ sytem.If it is not detected early and corrected, mortality would be high. The prevalence of IAH and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) at Kenyatta ... -
My child, my patient.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Many times, we make decisions in our lives that have unanticipated impacts. Decisions made can change our careers and outlook toward life. As a younger doctor, I considered illness and disease abstractions, and good ... -
Assessment of nurses interventions in the management of clinical alarms in the critical care unit, Kenyatta National Hospital, a cross sectional study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Alarms in the critical areas are an important component of most of the machines as they alert nurses on the change in the patients' condition. Most patients in the critical care units cannot speak for themselves ... -
Disclosure, consent, opportunity costs, and inaccurate risk assessment deter pediatric HIV testing: a mixed-methods study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)(250/250 words) BACKGROUND:: Prompt child HIV testing and treatment is critical; however, children are often not diagnosed until symptomatic. Understanding factors that influence pediatric HIV testing can inform strategies ...