Journal Articles: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2821-2840 of 29992
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Environmental implications of high metal content in soils of a titanium mining zone in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)Mining activities contribute to an increase of specific metal contaminants in soils. This may adversely affect plant life and consequently impact on animal and human health. The objective of this study was to obtain the ... -
Evaluating the utility of mid-infrared spectral subspaces for predicting soil properties.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)We propose four methods for finding local subspaces in large spectral libraries. The proposed four methods include (a) cosine angle spectral matching; (b) hit quality index spectral matching; (c) self-organizing maps and ... -
Identification and characterization of profilin antigen among Babesia species as a common vaccine candidate against babesiosis.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)We have characterized a member of the profilin (PROF) family protein as a common antigen in three pathogens-Babesia bovis (B. bovis), Babesia bigemina (B. bigemina), and Babesia microti (B. microti)-and evaluated its ... -
Dynamics of the developing chick Chorioallantoic membrane assessed by Stereology, allometry, Immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a widely used model for the study of angiogenesis, tumour growth, as well as drug efficacy. In spite of this, little is known about the developmental alteration from its appearance ... -
Descriptive epidemiology of factors associated with HIV infections among men and transgender women who have sex with men in South India
(University of Nairobi, 2016)PURPOSE: Men and transgender women who have sex with men (MTWSM) continue to be an at-risk population for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in India. Identification of risk factors and determinants of HIV ... -
Cumulative early life adversity predicts longevity in wild baboons.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)In humans and other animals, harsh circumstances in early life predict morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Multiple adverse conditions are thought to be especially toxic, but this hypothesis has rarely been tested in a ... -
Draft genome sequence of "Candidatus Phytoplasma Oryzae" strain mbita1, the causative agent of Napier grass stunt disease in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)Phytoplasmas are bacterial plant pathogens with devastating impact on agricultural production worldwide. In eastern Africa, Napier grass stunt disease causes serious economic losses in the smallholder dairy industry. This ... -
Visualization of house-entry behaviour of malaria mosquitoes
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Malaria mosquitoes often blood feed indoors on human hosts. The mosquitoes predominantly enter houses via open eaves. Host-seeking is odour-driven, and finding a host depends on the quality of the odour plume ... -
Frequency of Epstein - Barr virus in patients presenting with acute febrile illness in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Most acute febrile illnesses (AFI) are usually not associated with a specific diagnosis because of limitations of available diagnostics. This study reports on the frequency of EBV viremia and viral load in ... -
Field evaluation of two novel sampling devices for collecting wild oviposition site seeking malaria vector mosquitoes: OviART gravid traps and squares of electrocuting nets.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: New sampling tools are needed for collecting exophilic malaria mosquitoes in sub-Saharan Africa to monitor the impact of vector control interventions. The OviART gravid trap and squares of electrocuting nets ... -
Profile: the Rusinga health and demographic surveillance system, western Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)The health and demographic surveillance system on Rusinga Island, Western Kenya, was initiated in 2012 to facilitate a malaria intervention trial: the SolarMal project. The project aims to eliminate malaria from Rusinga ... -
The epidemiology of residual Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission and infection burden in an African city with high coverage of multiple vector control measures.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: In the Tanzanian city of Dar es Salaam, high coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), larvicide application (LA) and mosquito-proofed housing, was complemented with improved access to artemisinin-based ... -
Enhancing attraction of African malaria vectors to a synthetic Odor blend.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)The deployment of odor-baited tools for sampling and controlling malaria vectors is limited by a lack of potent synthetic mosquito attractants. A synthetic mixture of chemical compounds referred to as "the Mbita blend" ... -
Isolation of a new β-carboline alkaloid from aerial parts of Triclisia sacleuxii and its antibacterial and cytotoxicity effects.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)A new β-carboline alkaloid named sacleuximine A (1) together with known compounds palmatine (2), isotetrandrine (3), trans-N-feruloyltyramine (4), trans-N-caffeoyltyramine (5), yangambin (6), syringaresinol (7), sesamin ... -
Induction of humoral immune response to multiple recombinant Rhipicephalus appendiculatus antigens and their effect on tick feeding success and pathogen transmission.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Rhipicephalus appendiculatus is the primary vector of Theileria parva, the etiological agent of East Coast fever (ECF), a devastating disease of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa. We hypothesized that a vaccine ... -
Alcohol use and associations with biological markers and self-reported indicators of unprotected sex in human immunodeficiency virus-positive female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Studies of alcohol use and sexual behavior in African populations have primarily been cross-sectional, used nonvalidated measures of alcohol use, or relied on self-reported sexual risk endpoints. Few have ... -
Anthocyanin Accumulation in Muscadine Berry Skins Is Influenced by the Expression of the MYB Transcription Factors, MybA1, and MYBCS1.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)The skin color of grape berry is very important in the wine industry. The red color results from the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins, which is regulated by transcription factors belonging to the MYB family. The ... -
Influence of cattle on browsing and grazing wildlife varies with rainfall and presence of megaherbivores.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)In many savanna ecosystems worldwide, livestock share the landscape and its resources with wildlife. The nature of interactions between livestock and wildlife is a subject of considerable interest and speculation, yet ... -
Environmental predictors of bovine Eimeria infection in western Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Eimeriosis is caused by a protozoan infection affecting most domestic animal species. Outbreaks in cattle are associated with various environmental factors in temperate climates but limited work has been done in tropical ... -
Antifungal activity of essential oil of eucalyptus camaldulensis dehnh. Against selected fusarium spp.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oil (EO) of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. against five Fusarium spp. commonly associated with maize. The essential oil had been extracted ...
