Journal Articles: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2821-2840 of 29939
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Pregnancy and HIV Disease progression in an early infection cohort from five African countries.
(Unuversity of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Understanding associations between pregnancy and HIV disease progression is critical to provide appropriate counseling and care to HIV-positive women. METHODS: From 2006 to 2011, women less than age 40 ... -
The tropical lapse rate steepened during the last glacial maximum.
(Unuversity of Nairobi, 2017)The gradient of air temperature with elevation (the temperature lapse rate) in the tropics is predicted to become less steep during the coming century as surface temperature rises, enhancing the threat of warming in ... -
The effect of mass mosquito trapping on malaria transmission and disease burden (SOLARMAL): a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial.
(Unuversity of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Odour baits can attract host-seeking Anopheles mosquitoes indoors and outdoors. We assessed the effects of mass deployment of odour-baited traps on malaria transmission and disease burden. METHODS: We ... -
Costs along the service cascades for HIV testing and Counselling and prevention of mother-to-child transmission.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)OBJECTIVE: We estimate facility-level average annual costs per client along the HIV testing and counselling (HTC) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) service cascades. DESIGN: Data collected covered ... -
Patient-related beliefs and adherence toward their medications among the adult hypertensive outpatients in Tanzania.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)AIM: Hypertension is a leading global health problem requiring lifelong treatment. However, adherence to antihypertensive medicines is a problem, greater among developing countries. Consequently, there is a need to ... -
Structure of the 40s ribosomal subunit of plasmodium falciparum by homology and de novo modeling.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Generation of three dimensional structures of macromolecules using in silico structural modeling technologies such as homology and de novo modeling has improved dramatically and increased the speed by which tertiary ... -
Subtype-specific differences in gag-protease-driven replication capacity are consistent with inter-subtype differences in hiv-1 disease progression.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)There are marked differences in the spread and prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes worldwide, and differences in clinical progression have been reported. However, the biological reasons underlying these differences are unknown. ... -
The global ethics corner: foundations, beliefs, and the teaching of biomedical and scientific ethics around the world.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)The profound advances in the biomolecular sciences over the last decades have enabled similar advances in biomedicine. These advances have increasingly challenged our abilities to deploy them in an equitable and ethically ... -
A scoring tool to identify east African HIV-1 serodiscordant partnerships with a high likelihood of pregnancy.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)INTRODUCTION: HIV-1 prevention programs targeting HIV-1 serodiscordant couples need to identify couples that are likely to become pregnant to facilitate discussions about methods to minimize HIV-1 risk during pregnancy ... -
The need for pragmatic clinical trials in low and middle income settings - taking essential neonatal interventions delivered as part of inpatient care as an illustrative example.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Pragmatic randomized trials aim to examine the effects of interventions in the full spectrum of patients seen by clinicians who receive routine care. Such trials should be employed in parallel with efforts ... -
Private Military Companies: the Challenges They Pose in Contemporary Armed Conflicts
(University of Nairobi, 2005)International Humanitarian Law (IHL) has always sought, and more often than not succeeded, to define the' place of all entities that exist within the radius of armed conflict in order to afford necessary protections to ... -
Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder among HIV-positive women in Kisumu, Kenya: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Mental disorders are the leading global cause of years lived with disability; the majority of this burden exists in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Over half of mental illness is attributable to ... -
Conducting experimental research in marginalised populations: clinical and methodological implications from a mixed-methods randomised controlled trial in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)Experimental studies to test interventions for people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries are essential to ensure appropriate and effective clinical care. The implications of study participation on outcome ... -
Os 33-05 high prevalence and poor control of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk facors in diabetic patients in a rural hospital in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is rapidly increasing in Africa with a projected increase in diabetics from 12.1 million in 2010 to 23.9 million in 2030, predominantly type 2 DM (T2DM). The major ... -
Trends in clinical characteristics and outcomes of Pre-ART care at a large HIV clinic in Nairobi, Kenya: a retrospective cohort study.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: The success of antiretroviral therapy in resource-scarce settings is an illustration that complex healthcare interventions can be successfully delivered even in fragile health systems. Documenting the success ... -
Towards a Sexual Offences Law: Reappraising the Legal Framework on Sexual Violence in Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2005)Sexual violence is a public health problem and a violation of human rights.' Violence is defined as "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person or against a group ... -
Building a rheumatology team for east Africa: a call for action!
(University of Nairobi, 2016)The East Africa region comprising Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda has an estimated population of 160 million [1], yet only has six rheumatologists. The challenge to meet the needs of so many people is therefore ... -
Changes in blood pressure levels and antihypertensive medication use before and after renal transplantation among patients in Nairobi, Kenya: a comparative cross-sectional study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Objectives. To determine the changes in blood pressure levels and antihypertensive medication use in the postrenal transplantation period compared to pretransplantation one. Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was ... -
Quality of sleep and risk for obstructive sleep apnoea in ambulant individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary Referral Hospital in Kenya: a cross-sectional, comparative study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders are common and associated with multiple metabolic and psychological derangements. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is among the most common sleep disorders and an inter-relationship between ... -
A "Right to Peace" and Prosecuting the Crime of Aggression
(University of Nairobi, 2005)In discussing the legality or illegality of the use of force and its normative manifestation there is a universal yet inarticulate major premise posited, that at its simplest says, 'there is a right to peace". This right ...
