Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 1121-1140 of 10417
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Preoperative prediction of the size of pure ductal carcinoma in situ using three imaging modalities as compared to histopathological size: does magnetic resonance imaging add value?
(University of Nairobi, 2017)PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography add value to traditional mammography in an Asian population with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). METHODS: Data ... -
Prevalent neuropathy in a cohort of HIV-infected Kenyan sex workers using antiretroviral drugs.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)INTRODUCTION: Several risk factors including stavudine and age have been strongly associated with polyneuropathy. However, conflicting data exist on height as an independent risk factor in polyneuropathy. The objective ... -
Comprehensive Characterization of Humoral Correlates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Superinfection Acquisition in High-risk Kenyan Women.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)HIV-1 superinfection, in which an infected individual acquires a second HIV-1 infection from a different partner, is one of the only settings in which HIV acquisition occurs in the context of a pre-existing immune response ... -
A comparison of experiences, competencies and development needs of doctor managers in Kenya and the united kingdom (UK).
(University of Nairobi, 2016)PURPOSE: The purpose of the research was to explore and compare the experiences, leadership and management competencies and development needs of doctor managers in Kenya and the UK. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY: A comparative ... -
Perceptions of the role of short-term volunteerism in international development: views from volunteers, local hosts, and community members.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)Background. Short-term international volunteer trips traditionally involve volunteers from high-income countries travelling to low- and middle-income countries to assist in service-related development activities. Their ... -
How can a Theory of Change framework be applied to short-term international volunteering?
(University of Nairobi, 2016)Short-term international volunteering has become enormously popular among individuals from high-income countries who travel to low-income countries to offer support on initiatives often related to health and development. ... -
Pregnancy and HIV Disease progression in an early infection cohort from five African countries.
(Unuversity of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Understanding associations between pregnancy and HIV disease progression is critical to provide appropriate counseling and care to HIV-positive women. METHODS: From 2006 to 2011, women less than age 40 ... -
Costs along the service cascades for HIV testing and Counselling and prevention of mother-to-child transmission.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)OBJECTIVE: We estimate facility-level average annual costs per client along the HIV testing and counselling (HTC) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) service cascades. DESIGN: Data collected covered ... -
Patient-related beliefs and adherence toward their medications among the adult hypertensive outpatients in Tanzania.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)AIM: Hypertension is a leading global health problem requiring lifelong treatment. However, adherence to antihypertensive medicines is a problem, greater among developing countries. Consequently, there is a need to ... -
Subtype-specific differences in gag-protease-driven replication capacity are consistent with inter-subtype differences in hiv-1 disease progression.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)There are marked differences in the spread and prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes worldwide, and differences in clinical progression have been reported. However, the biological reasons underlying these differences are unknown. ... -
A scoring tool to identify east African HIV-1 serodiscordant partnerships with a high likelihood of pregnancy.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)INTRODUCTION: HIV-1 prevention programs targeting HIV-1 serodiscordant couples need to identify couples that are likely to become pregnant to facilitate discussions about methods to minimize HIV-1 risk during pregnancy ... -
The need for pragmatic clinical trials in low and middle income settings - taking essential neonatal interventions delivered as part of inpatient care as an illustrative example.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Pragmatic randomized trials aim to examine the effects of interventions in the full spectrum of patients seen by clinicians who receive routine care. Such trials should be employed in parallel with efforts ... -
Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder among HIV-positive women in Kisumu, Kenya: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Mental disorders are the leading global cause of years lived with disability; the majority of this burden exists in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Over half of mental illness is attributable to ... -
Conducting experimental research in marginalised populations: clinical and methodological implications from a mixed-methods randomised controlled trial in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)Experimental studies to test interventions for people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries are essential to ensure appropriate and effective clinical care. The implications of study participation on outcome ... -
Os 33-05 high prevalence and poor control of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk facors in diabetic patients in a rural hospital in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is rapidly increasing in Africa with a projected increase in diabetics from 12.1 million in 2010 to 23.9 million in 2030, predominantly type 2 DM (T2DM). The major ... -
Trends in clinical characteristics and outcomes of Pre-ART care at a large HIV clinic in Nairobi, Kenya: a retrospective cohort study.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: The success of antiretroviral therapy in resource-scarce settings is an illustration that complex healthcare interventions can be successfully delivered even in fragile health systems. Documenting the success ... -
Building a rheumatology team for east Africa: a call for action!
(University of Nairobi, 2016)The East Africa region comprising Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda has an estimated population of 160 million [1], yet only has six rheumatologists. The challenge to meet the needs of so many people is therefore ... -
Changes in blood pressure levels and antihypertensive medication use before and after renal transplantation among patients in Nairobi, Kenya: a comparative cross-sectional study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Objectives. To determine the changes in blood pressure levels and antihypertensive medication use in the postrenal transplantation period compared to pretransplantation one. Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was ... -
Quality of sleep and risk for obstructive sleep apnoea in ambulant individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary Referral Hospital in Kenya: a cross-sectional, comparative study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders are common and associated with multiple metabolic and psychological derangements. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is among the most common sleep disorders and an inter-relationship between ... -
Male partner circumcision associated with lower trichomonas vaginalis incidence among pregnant and postpartum kenyan women: a prospective cohort study.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)OBJECTIVE: Trichomonas vaginalis is the world's most common curable STI and has implications for reproductive health in women. We determined incidence and correlates of T. vaginalis in an HIV-uninfected peripartum ...
