Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 1141-1160 of 10417
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Genital HSV shedding among kenyan women initiating antiretroviral therapy.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)OBJECTIVES: Genital ulcer disease (GUD) prevalence increases in the first month of antiretroviral treatment (ART), followed by a return to baseline prevalence by month 3. Since most GUD is caused by herpes simplex virus ... -
Impact of periodic presumptive treatment for bacterial vaginosis on the vaginal microbiome among women participating in the preventing vaginal infections trial.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Background.: Evidence suggests that specific vaginal bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes in women. Among women participating in a randomized, double-blinded ... -
Low risk of proximal tubular dysfunction associated with emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate preexposure prophylaxis in men and women.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)OBJECTIVE: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is associated with proximal tubular dysfunction (tubulopathy) when used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We evaluated whether TDF causes ... -
Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Women living in Africa experience the highest burden of cervical cancer. Research and investment to improve vaccination, screening, and treatment efforts are critically needed. We systematically reviewed and ... -
Evaluation of a systems analysis and improvement approach to optimize prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV using the consolidated framework for implementation research.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)BACKGROUND: Despite large investments to prevent mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT), pediatric HIV elimination goals are not on track in many countries. The Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach (SAIA) study was ... -
HIV prevention and care-seeking behaviour among female sex workers in four cities in India, Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)OBJECTIVE: To identify gaps in the use of HIV prevention and care services and commodities for female sex workers, we conducted a baseline cross-sectional survey in four cities, in the context of an implementation ... -
Sexual and reproductive health services utilization by female sex workers is context-specific: results from a cross-sectional survey in India, Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Abstract BACKGROUND: Female sex workers (FSWs) are extremely vulnerable to adverse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. To mitigate these risks, they require access to services covering not only HIV prevention ... -
Lay beliefs about hypertension among HIV-infected adults in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)OBJECTIVE: Hypertension affects 23% of Kenyans and is the most prevalent modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite this, hypertension awareness and treatment adherence is very low. We conducted a ... -
Toluidine blue 0.05% vital staining for the diagnosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)IMPORTANCE: Clinical features are unreliable for distinguishing ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) from benign conjunctival lesions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adverse effects, accuracy, and interobserver ... -
A systematic review of interventions to improve prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission service delivery and promote retention.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)INTRODUCTION: The success of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is dependent upon high retention of mother-infant pairs within these programmes. This is a systematic review to evaluate the ... -
Broad HIV-1 inhibition in vitro by vaccine-elicited cd8(+) t cells in African adults.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)We are developing a pan-clade HIV-1 T-cell vaccine HIVconsv, which could complement Env vaccines for prophylaxis and be a key to HIV cure. Our strategy focuses vaccine-elicited effector T-cells on functionally and structurally ... -
Unveiling Another Missing Piece in EBV-Driven Lymphomagenesis: EBV-Encoded MicroRNAs Expression in EBER-Negative Burkitt Lymphoma Cases.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gammaherpesvirus linked to a number of lymphoid and epithelial malignancies, including Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in which its frequency ranges from 30% in sporadic cases to 100% in the endemic ... -
Variation in and risk factors for paediatric inpatient all-cause mortality in a low income setting: data from an emerging clinical information network.
(2017)BACKGROUND: Hospital mortality data can inform planning for health interventions and may help optimize resource allocation if they are reliable and appropriately interpreted. However such data are often not available ... -
Epidemiology and outcomes of injuries in Kenya: a Multisite surveillance study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Injury is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide, accounting for over 5 million deaths each year. The injury burden is higher in low- and middle-income countries where more than 90% of injury-related ... -
Psychometric properties of the Ndetei-Othieno-Kathuku (NOK) scale: a mental health assessment tool for an African setting.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Research suggests that psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents are highly debilitating, with sparse resources for assessment and treatment in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). OBJECTIVES: The ... -
The potential impact and cost of focusing hiv prevention on young women and men: a modeling analysis in Western Kenya.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)OBJECTIVE: We compared the impact and costs of HIV prevention strategies focusing on youth (15-24 year-old persons) versus on adults (15+ year-old persons), in a high-HIV burden context of a large generalized ... -
Understanding patterns of injury in Kenya: analysis of a trauma registry data from a National Referral hospital.
(2017)BACKGROUND: Injuries contribute to a substantial proportion of the burden of disease in Kenya. Trauma registries can be a very useful source of data to understand patterns of injuries and serve to provide information ... -
Design and implementation of the retinoblastoma collaborative laboratory.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe the design and implementation of a digital pathology laboratory, the Retinoblastoma Collaborative Laboratory (RbCoLab) in Kenya. METHOD: The RbCoLab is a central lab ... -
Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus by traditional medicine practitioners in Kenya--key informant interviews.
(University of Nairobi, 2016)INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, plant based medicines are increasing in popularity due to perceptions of safety and efficacy. Herbalists in Kenya are widely consulted for the management of many diseases including Type 2 Diabetes ... -
Characterization of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis among patients admitted to Kenyatta national hospital: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
(University of Nairobi, 2017)BACKGROUND: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous reactions. There is scant literature on the characteristics and causes of these conditions in Kenyatta National ...
