Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 2121-2140 of 10417
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Antiretroviral Adherence and Development of Drug Resistance Are the Strongest Predictors of Genital HIV-1 Shedding among Women Initiating Treatment
(University of Nairobi, 2010)Persistent genital human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) shedding among women receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) may present a transmission risk. We investigated the associations between genital HIV-1 suppression ... -
Analysis of the Percentage of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Sequences That Are Hypermutated and Markers of Disease Progression in a Longitudinal Cohort, Including One Individual with a Partially Defective Vif
(University of Nairobi, 2009-08)Hypermutation, the introduction of excessive G-to-A substitutions by host proteins in the APOBEC family, can impair replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Because hypermutation represents a potential antiviral ... -
Infection with Multiple Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants Is Associated with Faster Disease Progression
(University of Nairobi, 2003-12)Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals develop a genetically diverse virus population over time, but often only a limited number of viral variants are transmitted from a chronic carrier to a newly ... -
Gender Differences In HIV-1 Diversity At Time Of Infection
(University of Nairobi, 2000)To develop an HIV-1 vaccine with global efficacy, it is important to identify and characterize the viruses that are transmitted, particularly to individuals living in areas of high incidence. Several studies have shown ... -
Transmitting infection: testing disinfectants used in maternity units
(University of Nairobi,, 2009)The practice of infection control is important in every health care institution since it ensures safety of the patient, health care providers and visitors to the facility and community at large. Instruments and equipment ... -
Variations in Emergence and Course of the Inferior Palpebral Nerve
(University of Nairobi, 2014)Comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the inferior palpebral (IP) nerve is crucial to preservation of sensation in the inferior eyelid and conjunctiva. Iatrogenic injuries may occur during blepharoplasty, repair ... -
Effect of Acquisition and Treatment of Cervical Infections on HIV-1 Shedding in Women on Antiretroviral Therapy
(University of Nairobi, 2013-11)Background Cervicitis increases the quantity of HIV-1 RNA in cervical secretions when women are not taking antiretroviral therapy (ART), and successful treatment of cervicitis reduces HIV-1 shedding in this setting. Ob ... -
Impact of an educational pain management programme on nurses' pain knowledge and attitudes in Kenya
(University of Nairobi,, 2013)Introduction: Pain is a common symptom for patients receiving palliative care, but can be relieved by effective pain management. Nurses play a critical part in implementing pain management effectively and must therefore ... -
A Prospective Study Of Risk Factors For Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Acquisition Among High-risk Hiv-1 Seronegative Women In Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2009)Objectives: Several studies have demonstrated an association between herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and HIV-1, but available data on risk factors for HSV-2 acquisition are limited. The objective of this analysis was ... -
The surgical relevance of the anatomic position of the extraosseous mental nerve in a Kenyan population
(2014)Introduction: Precise location of the mental nerve is important in implant surgery, administration of mental nerve block anaesthesia, and for osteotomy procedures. The position is known to show inter-population differences ... -
Prospective Study Of Correlates Of Vaginal Lactobacillus Colonisation Among High-risk Hiv-1 Seronegative Women
(University of Nairobi, 2009)Objective: Vaginal colonisation with Lactobacillus species is characteristic of normal vaginal ecology. The absence of vaginal lactobacilli, particularly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-producing isolates, has been associated ... -
Chronic HIV-1 Infection Frequently Fails to Protect against Superinfection
(University of Nairobi, 2007-11)Reports of HIV-1 superinfection (re-infection) have demonstrated that the immune response generated against one strain of HIV-1 does not always protect against other strains. However, studies to determine the incidence of ... -
Characterization of CD8+ T Cell Epitopes Recognizing HIV-1 Epitope Variants
(University Of Nairobi, 2011)Background: One major challenge in the creation of an HIV-1 vaccine is the extreme genetic diversity of the virus. It is thought that a more cross-reactive T-cell response would be beneficial in circumventing this issue. ... -
Prevalence of hearing loss in children following bacterial meningitis in a tertiary referral hospital
(2014)Background This study aimed to examine hearing function in a group of children aged between the ages of six months and twelve years admitted with bacterial meningitis so as to determine the prevalence and degree of ... -
Examination of a Second Region of the HIV Type 1 Genome Reveals Additional Cases of Superinfection
(University of Nairobi, 2008-09)HIV-1 superinfection may occur at a rate similar to that of initial infection, raising concerns for HIV-1 vaccine strategies predicated on eliciting immune responses similar to those in natural infection. Because of the ... -
Evidence for Frequent Reinfection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 of a Different Subtype
(University of Nairobi, 2005-08)A major premise underlying current human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine approaches is that preexisting HIV-1-specific immunity will block or reduce infection. However, the recent identification of several ... -
Oral HHV‐8 replication among women in Mombasa, Kenya
(University of Nairobi,, 2014)Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) replication in the oropharynx may play an important role in HHV-8 transmission and contribute to the development of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in some individuals. Studies in the United States and ... -
HIV-1 Subtype D Infection Is Associated with Faster Disease Progression than Subtype A in Spite of Similar Plasma HIV-1 Loads
(University of Nairobi, 2007)We investigated the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype on disease progression among 145 Kenyan women followed from the time of HIV-1 acquisition. Compared with those infected with subtype A, women ... -
Application of Brim’s and Simon’s Sequential Decision Theories in Healthcare Administration
(2014)As part of the learning process, many episodes in life become routine and habitual with people no longer deliberately paying attention to their behaviors. When individuals come across situations they have encountered before, ... -
A distinct cytokine and chemokine profile at the genital mucosa is associated with HIV-1 protection among HIV-exposed seronegative commercial sex workers
(University of Nairobi,, 2012)The predominance of HIV-1 sexual transmission requires a greater understanding of the interaction between HIV-1 and the mucosal immune system. The study of HIV-1-exposed seronegative (HESN) individuals serves as a model ...
