Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 8421-8440 of 10418
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Abundant Expression of HIV Target Cells and C-Type Lectin Receptors in the Foreskin Tissue of Young Kenyan Men
(2010)A biological explanation for the reduction in HIV-1 (HIV) acquisition after male circumcision may be that removal of the foreskin reduces the number of target cells for HIV. The expression of potential HIV target cells and ... -
HBV Lamivudine Resistance among Hepatitis B and HIV Co-infected Patients Starting Lamivudine, Stavudine and Nevirapine in Kenya
(2011)Widespread use of lamivudine in antiretroviral therapy may lead to hepatitis B virus resistance in HIV-HBV co-infected patients from endemic settings where tenofovir is not readily available. We evaluated 389 Kenyan ... -
Performance of the Focus HerpeSelect-2 EIA for the detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies in seven African countries
(Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2011)Objective To compare the performance of the Focus HerpeSelect-2 enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to the gold standard HSV-2 Western blot, among HIV-1 uninfected men and women in East and Southern Africa. Methods 3399 HIV-1 ... -
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Human Papillomavirus Infection by Penile Site in Uncircumcised Kenyan Men
(2010)Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence was estimated from 2,705 sexually active, uncircumcised, human immunodeficiency virus seronegative men aged 17–28 years in Kisumu, Kenya. HPV prevalence was 51.1% (95% confidence ... -
Genomewide Association Study for Determinants of HIV-1 Acquisition and Viral Set Point in HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples with Quantified Virus Exposure
(Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2011)BACKGROUND: Host genetic factors may be important determinants of HIV-1 sexual acquisition. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for host genetic variants modifying HIV-1 acquisition and viral control in ... -
Salivary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-specific immunoglobulin A in HIV-1-exposed infants in Kenya
(Department of Paediatrics, 2008)Humoral immunity, and specifically immunoglobulin A (IgA) that is directed against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, may contribute to protection against HIV-1 acquisition at mucosal surfaces. HIV-1-specific IgA has ... -
Effect of Baseline HIV Disease Parameters on CD4+ T Cell Recovery After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Kenyan Women
(Department of Medical Microbiology, 2010)Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection reconstitutes the immune system and improves survival. However, the rate and extent of CD4+ T cell recovery varies widely. We assessed the impact of several ... -
Incidence and Correlates of HIV-1 RNA Detection in the Breast Milk of Women Receiving HAART for the Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission
(2012)Background The incidence and correlates of breast milk HIV-1 RNA detection were determined in intensively sampled women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 ... -
In-Depth Analysis of Patient-Clinician Cell Phone Communication during the WelTel Kenya1 Antiretroviral Adherence Trial
(2012)Background The WelTel Kenya1 trial demonstrated that text message support improved adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and suppression of HIV-1 RNA load. The intervention involved sending weekly messages to patients ... -
Application of total quality management (TQM) tools to solid waste management the case of Mombasa Municipal council
(School of Business, 2006)Today's globalized economy is fueled by competition. The firm/country with competitive advantage is the one that carries home the economic trophy. We have witnessed countries vying to host world events such as the Olympics ... -
Infant Safety during and after Maternal Valacyclovir Therapy in Conjunction with Antiretroviral HIV-1 Prophylaxis in a Randomized Clinical Trial
(Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2012)Background Maternal administration of the acyclovir prodrug valacyclovir is compatible with pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, the safety profile of prolonged infant and maternal exposure to acyclovir in the context ... -
The Prevalence of Stunting Is High in HIV-1–Exposed Uninfected Infants in Kenya
(2012)As prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission (PMTCT) programs decrease the numbers of HIV-1–infected infants, it remains important to improve growth in HIV-1–exposed, uninfected (EU) infants. To determine the growth ... -
An Evaluation of Intravaginal Rings as a Potential HIV Prevention Device in Urban Kenya: Behaviors and Attitudes That Might Influence Uptake within a High-Risk Population
(Department of Medical Microbiology, 2008)Purpose We sought to assess the potential acceptability of intravaginal rings (IVRs) as an HIV prevention method among at-risk women and men. Methods We conducted a qualitative assessment of initial attitudes toward ... -
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Proviral Hypermutation Correlates with CD4 Count in HIV-Infected Women from Kenya[down-pointing small open triangle]
(Department of Medical Microbiology, 2008)APOBEC3G is an important innate immune molecule that causes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) hypermutation, which can result in detrimental viral genome mutations. The Vif protein of wild-type HIV-1 counteracts ... -
A comparative study to screen dementia and APOE genotypes in an ageing East African population
(Department of Medical Physiology, 2010)Previous studies have established cross-cultural methods to screen for ageing- related dementia and susceptibility genes, in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among the Canadian Cree, African Americans and Yoruba in ... -
Reduced Cellular Susceptibility to In Vitro HIV Infection Is Associated with CD4+ T Cell Quiescence
(Department of Medical Microbiology, 2012)Background HIV preferentially establishes productive infection in activated CD4+ T cells. Since proportions of activated CD4+ T cells vary between individuals, this study aimed to determine if individuals with a greater ... -
CCR5 Promoter Polymorphisms in a Kenyan Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Cohort: Association with Increased 2-Year Maternal Mortality
(Department of Pediatrics, 2001)The CCR5 chemokine receptor acts as a coreceptor with CD4 to permit infection by primary macrophage-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains. The CCR5Δ32 mutation, which is associated with resistance to ... -
The post-trial effect of oral periodic presumptive treatment for vaginal infections on the incidence of bacterial vaginosis and Lactobacillus colonization
(2012)Background We previously demonstrated a decrease in bacterial vaginosis (BV) and an increase in Lactobacillus colonization among randomized controlled trial (RCT) participants who received monthly oral periodic presumptive ... -
Antinociceptive potentiation of pethidine (demerol) by clomipramine in the late phase of formalin test in mice
(Department of Medical PhysiologyDepartment of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, 2012)Background Pethidine, an opioid analgesic is used for pain management. Clomipramine a tricyclic antidepressant primarily used for mood management is also used to treat pain. The objective of this study was to investigate ... -
Using Plasma Viral Load to Guide Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation to Prevent HIV-1 Transmission
(Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2012)Background Current WHO guidelines recommend antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation at CD4 counts ≤350 cells/µL. Increasing this threshold has been proposed, with a primary goal of reducing HIV-1 infectiousness. Because ...
