Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 8441-8460 of 10418
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Outside Sexual Partnerships and Risk of HIV Acquisition for HIV Uninfected Partners in African HIV Serodiscordant Partnerships
(Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2012)Background As African countries scale up couples HIV testing, little is known about sexual behaviors and HIV risk for HIV uninfected partners in known HIV serodiscordant relationships. Methods We conducted a prospective ... -
Determinants of Per-Coital-Act HIV-1 Infectivity Among African HIV-1–Serodiscordant Couples
(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2012)Background. Knowledge of factors that affect per-act infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is important for designing HIV-1 prevention interventions and for the mathematical modeling of the spread of ... -
Prevalence, Clinical and Virologic Outcomes of Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection in HIV-1 Positive Kenyan Women on Antiretroviral Therapy
(Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, 2013)Background Sub-Saharan Africa carries a high burden of co-infection with HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV). In this region, individuals with HIV-1/HBV co-infection on antiretroviral therapy (ART) frequently receive ... -
Epitope Mapping of HIV-Specific CD8+ T cells in a Cohort Dominated by Clade A1 Infection
(Department of Medical Microbiology, 2009)Background CD8+ T cell responses are often detected at large magnitudes in HIV-infected subjects, and eliciting these responses is the central aim of many HIV-1 vaccine strategies. Population differences in CD8+ T cell ... -
Maternal Human Leukocyte Antigen - A*2301 Is Associated with Increased Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission
(Department of Paediatrics, 2010)We examined associations between maternal HLA and vertical HIV-1 transmission in a perinatal cohort of 277 HIV-infected women in Nairobi. HLA class I genes were amplified using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes and ... -
Integration of mental health into primary care in Kenya
(2010)Integration of mental health into primary care is essential in Kenya, where there are only 75 psychiatrists for 38 million population, of whom 21 are in the universities and 28 in private practice. A partnership between ... -
Time to Complete Wound Healing in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Men following Medical Male Circumcision in Kisumu, Kenya: A Prospective Cohort Study
(2013)Background While voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has been shown to be protective against HIV-acquisition, the procedure may place men and their partners at risk of HIV infection in the period following ... -
The Breadth and Potency of Passively Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies Do Not Correlate with the Risk of Infant Infection[down-pointing small open triangle]
(Department of Pediatrics, 2011)Although a major goal of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine efforts is to elicit broad and potent neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), there are no data that directly demonstrate a role for such NAbs in protection ... -
Valacyclovir Suppressive Therapy Reduces Plasma and Breast Milk HIV-1 RNA Levels During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Randomized Trial
(Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2012)Background. The effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) suppression on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in the context of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions is ... -
Increased Risk of HIV-1 Transmission in Pregnancy: A Prospective Study among African HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples
(Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2011)Background Physiologic and behavioral changes during pregnancy may alter HIV-1 susceptibility and infectiousness. Prospective studies exploring pregnancy and HIV-1 acquisition risk in women have found inconsistent ... -
Regional Differences in Prevalence of HIV-1 Discordance in Africa and Enrollment of HIV-1 Discordant Couples into an HIV-1 Prevention Trial
(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2008)Background Most HIV-1 transmission in Africa occurs among HIV-1-discordant couples (one partner HIV-1 infected and one uninfected) who are unaware of their discordant HIV-1 serostatus. Given the high HIV-1 incidence ... -
Characteristics of HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples Enrolled in a Clinical Trial of Antiretroviral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV-1 Prevention
(Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2011)Introduction Stable heterosexual HIV-1 serodiscordant couples in Africa have high HIV-1 transmission rates and are a critical population for evaluation of new HIV-1 prevention strategies. The Partners PrEP Study is a ... -
Implementing locally appropriate guidelines and training to improve care of serious illness in Kenyan hospitals: a story of scaling-up (and down and left and right)
(Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2011)Inadequate health systems are now widely recognised as major barriers to improved newborn and child survival and achieving Millennium Development Goal 4 that calls for a two-thirds reduction in under 5 mortality in low-income ... -
Heterogeneity in host HIV susceptibility as a potential contributor to recent HIV prevalence declines in Africa
(Department of Medical Microbiology, 2009)Background HIV prevalence has recently declined in several African countries, and prior to this the risk of HIV acquisition per unprotected sex contact also declined in Kenyan sex workers. We hypothesized that heterogeneity ... -
The HAART cell phone adherence trial (WelTel Kenya1): a randomized controlled trial protocol
(Department of Medical Microbiology, 2009)Background The objectives are to compare the effectiveness of cell phone-supported SMS messaging to standard care on adherence, quality of life, retention, and mortality in a population receiving antiretroviral therapy ... -
Male Perspectives on Incorporating Men into Antenatal HIV Counseling and Testing
(Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, 2009)Male partner involvement in antenatal voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) has been shown to increase uptake of interventions to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in resource-limited settings. We aimed to identify ... -
A Genetic Polymorphism of FREM1 Is Associated with Resistance against HIV Infection in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort
(Department of Medical Microbiology, 2012)A subgroup of women enrolled in the Pumwani sex worker cohort remain seronegative and PCR negative for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 despite repeated exposure through high-risk sex work. Studies have shown that ... -
Primary carcinoma of the prostate in Nigerians as seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital
(1985)A prospective study of serial serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations was made on 21 patients who had received renal allografts. CRP was raised during 27 of 32 rejection episodes and in all of five episodes of rejection ... -
Testicular Cancer in Nigerians
(1995)This is a report of prospective study of eight patients with testicular tumours seen at the Urology Unit of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a five-year period (1979-1983). The mean age was 32.7 years. Four ... -
Benign and malignant prostatic obstruction
(1998)This was a prospective study involving 27 patients with moderate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treated continuously with 5 mg of finasteride daily for one year. There was improvement in clinical BPH ...
