Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS): Recent submissions
Now showing items 9201-9220 of 10418
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Epidemiology, seasonality, and burden of influenza and influenza-like illness in urban and rural Kenya, 2007-2010.
(Department of Medicine. College of Health Sciences. University of Nairobi, 2012-12)BACKGROUND: The epidemiology and burden of influenza remain poorly defined in sub-Saharan Africa. Since 2005, the Kenya Medical Research Institute and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya have conducted ... -
Halitusis : Analysis of the various contribution sites
(2002)o remove or modify fluorotic enamel stains using a combined chemical micro-abrasion and bleaching technique. Design: An in-vivo study was carried out. A sample of 21 participants was randomly selected from patients presenting ... -
Risk of HIV-1 in rural Kenya: a comparison of circumcised and uncircumcised men
(Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, 2004)BACKGROUND: Most studies that have found an association between uncircumcised status and infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have compared participants from various demographic backgrounds, among ... -
Envelope glycoprotein nucleotide sequence and genetic characterization of North American ovine lentiviruses
(1997)Ovine lentiviruses (OvLV) resemble human immunodeficiency viruses in genomic organization, viral heterogeneity, and spectrum of cytophenotypic expression. To gain a better understanding of the relationship of North American ... -
Micronutrient supplementation increases genital tract shedding of HIV-1 in women: results of a randomized trial
(Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, 2004)To test the hypothesis that micronutrient supplementation decreases genital HIV-1 shedding, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 6 weeks of multivitamin plus selenium supplementation vs. placebo was ... -
Molecular cloning and characterization of viruses isolated from chimpanzees with pathogenic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections.
(1998)We have previously described the development of AIDS in a chimpanzee (C499) infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the subsequent pathogenic HIV-1 infection in another chimpanzee (C455) transfused ... -
Enhanced discrimination of African swine fever virus isolates through nucleotide sequencing of the p54, p72, and pB602L (CVR) genes
(2009)Complete sequencing of p54-gene from 67 European, American, and West and East African Swine Fever virus (ASFV) isolates revealed that West African and European ASFV isolates classified within the predominant Genotype I ... -
Effect of contraceptive methods on natural history of HIV: studies from the Mombasa cohort
(University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, 2005) -
A putative DNA helicase and novel oligoribonuclease in the Diachasmimorpha longicaudata entomopoxvirus (DlEPV).
(2003)Diachasmimorpha longicaudata entomopoxvirus (DlEPV) is a symbiotic entomopoxvirus (EPV) of the parasitic wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. It has a double-stranded DNA genome of 250-300 kb and is >60% A-T rich. We describe ... -
Population-based biochemistry, immunologic and hematological reference values for adolescents and young adults in a rural population in Western Kenya
(2011)There is need for locally-derived age-specific clinical laboratory reference ranges of healthy Africans in sub-Saharan Africa. Reference values from North American and European populations are being used for African subjects ... -
The gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) mimetic peptide IFN-gamma (95-133) prevents encephalomyocarditis virus infection both in tissue culture and in mice
(Department of Medicine. College of Health Sciences. University of Nairobi, 2006-08)We have demonstrated previously that the C-terminal gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) mimetic peptide consisting of residues 95 to 133 [IFN-gamma(95-133)], which contains the crucial IFN-gamma nuclear localization sequence ... -
Detection and identification of Rift Valley fever virus in mosquito vectors by quantitative real-time PCR
(2012)Diagnostic methods allowing for rapid identification of pathogens are crucial for controlling and preventing dissemination after disease outbreaks as well as for use in surveillance programs. For arboviruses, detection of ... -
Performance of six commercial enzyme immunoassays and two alternative HIV-testing algorithms for the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in Kisumu, Western Kenya.
(2011)Performances of serological parallel and serial testing algorithms were analyzed using a combination of three ELISA and three rapid tests for the confirmation of HIV infection. Each was assessed individually for their ... -
Vaginal washing and increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition among African women: a 10-year prospective study
(Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, 2006)BACKGROUND: No prospective study has examined the risk of HIV-1 acquisition associated with vaginal washing, although intravaginal practices have been identified as potentially important contributors to HIV-1 ... -
Higher set point plasma viral load and more-severe acute HIV type 1 (HIV-1) illness predict mortality among high-risk HIV-1-infected African women
(Department of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104-2499, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, 2006)BACKGROUND: There is limited information on the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Africa, especially from individuals with well-defined dates of infection. We used data from a ... -
HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among individuals aged 13-34 years in rural western
(2009)To estimate HIV prevalence and characterize risk factors among young adults in Asembo, rural western Kenya. Community-based cross-sectional survey. From a demographic surveillance system, we selected a random sample of ... -
Both the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS-1) kinase inhibitory region and SOCS-1 mimetic bind to JAK2 autophosphorylation site: implications for the development of a SOCS-1 antagonist.
(Department of Medicine. College of Health Sciences. University of Nairobi, 2007-04)Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 protein modulates signaling by IFN-gamma by binding to the autophosphorylation site of JAK2 and by targeting bound JAK2 to the proteosome for degradation. We have developed a small ... -
HIV-1 target cells in foreskins of African men with varying histories of sexually transmitted infections
(Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, 2006)Numerous epidemiologic studies have found significant associations between lack of circumcision and HIV-1 acquisition in men. To our knowledge, this is the first study of human foreskin tissue that examines biologic ... -
Outcome of day-care surgery for age-related cataracts, garissa general hospital, Kenya
(Department of ophthamology, 2011)To determine the outcome of surgeries for age related cataracts at Garissa Provincial General Hospital for the last four months of year 2008. Design: Retrospective record review Setting: Eye clinic, Garissa Provincial ... -
A comparison of genital HIV-1 shedding and sexual risk behavior among Kenyan women based on eligibility for initiation of HAART according to WHO guidelines
(Department of Medical Microbiology, University of NairobiDepartments of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA, 2006)BACKGROUND: Guidelines for initiating antiretrovirals are based on markers of advanced disease and are not directly linked to markers of HIV-1 transmission such as viral shedding. METHODS: We evaluated genital HIV-1 ...
